自然科学与人文科学大数据——第六届中德前沿探索圆桌会议综述  

Big Data in Natural Sciences, Humanities and Social Sciences——Review of the 6th Exploratory Round Table Conference

作　　者：郭华东[1] 陈润生[2] 徐志伟[3] 孙建军[4] 毕军[4] 王力哲[1] 骆健俊[2] 沈华伟[3] 顾东晓[4] 梁栋[1] 沈文庆[5] 张旭[5] Hans Wolfgang Spiess Thomas Lengauer 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所,北京100094 [2]中国科学院生物物理研究所,北京100101 [3]中国科学院计算技术研究所,北京100190 [4]南京大学,南京210023 [5]中国科学院上海分院,上海200031 [6]Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research,mainz55128 [7]Max Planck Institute for Informatics,saarbrücken66123

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2016年第6期707-716,共10页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：中科院规划与战略研究专项

摘　　要：大数据是知识经济时代的战略高地,是国家和全球的新型战略资源。作为思维的革命性创新,大数据为科学研究带来了新的方法论。第六届中德前沿探索圆桌会议以"自然科学与人文科学大数据"为主题,在"生物医药大数据"、"物理、化学与地球科学领域大数据"、"人文与社会科学领域大数据"和"大数据处理技术与方法"4个领域进行研讨,总结了大数据对于科学发现的重要作用、意义以及面临的重大问题,形成了关于发展科学大数据研究的相关建议。Big data has begun to significantly influence global production, circulation, distribution, and consumption patterns. It is changing humankind＇s production methods, lifestyles, mechanisms of economic operation, and country governance models. It is a strategic enabling technology in the era of knowledge-driven economies, and also a new type of strategic resource for nations and the world. It offers a promising new route for innovative methods of analysis and inference, and provides new opportunities for natural sciences, humanities and social sciences. Ubiquitous in the discussion of today＇s technology, the colorful and not clearly delineated term ＂big data＂ is on people＇s minds, regarding both its immense potential and its actual and perceived risks. The 6th Exploratory Round Table Conference（ERTC 2015） under the theme of ＂Big Data in the Natural Sciences and Humanities＂ was successfully held in Shanghai in November 2015. It was a joint project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences（CAS） and Max Planck Society（MPG）, focused on topics that are only just beginning to emerge in the scientific community. Scientists from CAS and MPG met together with experts around China and the world to review the status of research and technology regarding and using big data and to discuss how it can and should be harnessed for furthering science. Big data is characterized by（1） highly accessible generation of large volumes of data which（2） are generated continuously in a highly dynamic fashion, and which feature（3） high data heterogeneity and（4） serious issues of data quality regarding noise, incompleteness, and biases. The status and requirements of big data research differ substantially among individual scientific domains. In the life sciences, the field has large, internationally shared repositories of highly diverse omics data. Current activities include bringing together biological and medical（patient） data for research on diagnosis and therapy and making patient data accessible while

关 键 词：大数据 科学大数据 生命科学 地球科学 人文科学 社会科学 计算机技术 中德前沿探索圆桌会议 

分 类 号：N05[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]