基于刀具失效率的换刀策略研究  

Research on Failure-rate-based Tool Replacing Strategy

作　　者：王新刚[1] 吕春梅[1] 赵玉倩[1] 陈晓明[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北大学机械工程与自动化学院,辽宁沈阳100819 [2]哈尔滨工业大学机电工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150000

出　　处：《兵工学报》2016年第5期903-908,共6页Acta Armamentarii

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51475086;51305071);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2014020026);中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(N152304004);河北省自然科学基金项目(E2015501073)

摘　　要：将影响机加工艺可靠性的主要因素刀具的失效率作为研究对象,将刀具的切削参数作为随机变量,以最大似然估计为基础,结合可靠性分析方法,建立机加工艺系统的动态可靠性数学模型,推导各工序刀具的失效率计算公式。在此基础上,以刀具失效率为判据,建立了如何确定被更换刀具的工序及换刀时间的方法。研究结果表明,当整体工艺流程系统可靠度低于某一阈值时,即可确定更换刀具的时间,再应用刀具失效率模型,就能够迅速找出失效率最大的工序所使用的刀具,并及时更换,从而确保刀具在失效之前满足工艺可靠性要求,最大限度地利用刀具,减少换刀次数,降低成本,从而保障整体工艺系统的高可靠性。The failure rate of cutting tools is taken as the research object,which has an effect on the reliability of whole machining process. A mathematical model for the dynamic reliability of machining process is established based on the reliability analysis method and the maximum likelihood estimation,in which the cutting parameters are determined as random variables,and the failure rate formula of each tool is also derived. On this basis,a simple method is presented for determining the tool replacing time and the corresponding job according to their respective failure rate. The research results show that,when the reliability of whole machining process system is below a certain threshold value,the proposed model can be used to define which and when cutting tool must be replaced in time in the certain working procedure,of which the failure rate is the biggest. This allows us to make the most of each tool and reduce the number of tool replacing so as to decrease the cost. Meanwhile,a simple algorithm is proposed to keep high process reliability by ensuring that tools are replaced before their failures.

关 键 词：机械制造工艺与设备 动态可靠性 失效率 刀具 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论]