现代索网结构开篇之作:道顿竞技馆  

The beginning of modern tension-hung roofs:Dorton Arena

作　　者：余玉洁[1] 吴金志[2] 陈志华[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑工程学院,天津300072 [2]北京工业大学空间结构研究中心,北京100124

出　　处：《空间结构》2016年第2期50-58,71,共10页Spatial Structures

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51478310)

摘　　要：道顿竞技馆(Dorton Arena)开启了现代索结构开端,其将建筑与结构的完美融合以及在建筑结构设计方面的多项创新使其在工程领域获得了极高的声誉,但国内诸多文献中对于该场馆是多有提及却少有介绍.该馆在建筑和结构设计方面的创新有:体系设计上采用了交叉斜拱骨架和马鞍形双曲索网,将建筑理念直接通过结构表现出来;充分利用了混凝土拱受压、索网受拉的特点,整体形成简洁高效的自平衡结构体系;屋面张力体系中的双曲索网,既能够抵抗向下的重力荷载,又可在风吸作用下实现主副索作用转换,抵抗向上的荷载作用;在周边索网的交点设抗风索与周圈立柱连接,将整体索网向下牵引,在保持屋盖双曲面造型的同时控制索网屋盖的风振作用;斜拱交叉连接设计可以平衡斜拱在拱脚处产生的推力,斜拱在交汇之前断开通过"铰"连接,以在受到不均匀荷载下允许结构的微小调整;延伸的倾斜拱脚与交叉端下部立柱共同组成"三脚撑"结构,并在两倾斜拱脚基础处引入预应力拉索以阻止拱脚在推力作用下的滑移.整个场馆在建筑和结构中各项创新性的设计,对于后续张力结构的发展和研究有着重要的历史意义.本文对道顿竞技馆的历史背景、建筑结构方案设计、结构深化设计、施工以及该场馆的历史意义等方面作简要介绍,旨在使这一将建筑和结构设计充分融合的经典工程得到更深入的了解.Dorton Arena initiated the modern field of tension-hung roofs and the afterward cable structures.It wins it＇s reputation as highly innovative and influential in structural engineering field with the merge of architectural and structural thinking that produced its groundbreaking design.Although largely recognized and referred in China,detailed introductions about Dortan Arena is somewhat rare.The building contained many creative thoughts and overcame many engineering obstacles.The design uses tensile roof which pulled against a pair of crossed and inclined concrete parabolic arches,which also forms the architectural design.The tension component used steel cables which are very efficient in tension,and the compression components were made out of concrete which is very efficient in compression.The best properties of both materials are exploited.The saddle-shaped cable net can not only resist the positive dead loads but also resist upward forces like wind.Guy wires are used to connect cable net and surrounding columns to help control flutter and unbalanced load in the roof.The two parabolic arches＇ intersecting design can balance the great thrust and tangential forces generated in the inclined arches.Both arches contained hinges at theintersections to accommodate the irregular loads,and the two arch extensions and the center column directly under the intersection together form a ‘tripod＇support.Belowground,prestressed steel cables were used to tie the abutments together.Those pioneer thoughts and ideas bring inspiring and historical meanings to the tension structures afterward.The paper gives a comprehensive introduction about Dorton Arena from historical background,architectural concept,structural design,to constructional process and historical influence,to make this creative building known to all.

关 键 词：道顿竞技馆 索网结构 马鞍形屋盖 交叉斜拱 抗风设计 

分 类 号：TU351[建筑科学—结构工程]