劳动力外流对农村家庭贫困的影响研究——基于湖北省四大片区的调查  

Research on the Impact of Labour Force's Outflow on Rural Family Poverty:Evidence from Four Poverty-stricken Areas in Hubei Province

作　　者：赵曼[1] 程翔宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2016年第3期104-113,128,共10页Chinese Journal of Population Science

摘　　要：文章基于2014和2015年在湖北省四大片区调查收集的1 660户农户数据,利用Logit和Tobit模型及工具变量法,分析了劳动力外流对农村家庭贫困的影响。结果发现,现阶段劳动力外流对农村减贫存在不利影响。劳动力外出务工加剧了农村家庭贫困,使所在家庭陷入贫困的概率更大、程度更深。一方面,由于农村劳动力剩余不足,外流导致劳动力短缺,限制了家庭发展,不利于家庭脱贫;另一方面,由于家庭分离,家庭经济规模共享不足,家庭现金收入虽然增加,但经等值规模调整后人均收入不增反降,加剧了家庭贫困。当前,经济下行压力加大、"打工经济"萧条,劳动力外流家庭举家进城难以实现,而促进留守劳动力、回流劳动力就地就业,立足当地资源、实现就地脱贫,是践行"五个一批"、推进精准扶贫的首选之策。文章建议,通过发展农村经济、发挥"新乡贤"带动作用、培育农村人才、健全完善农村公共服务,促进劳动力就地就业,实现就地脱贫。Based on the data of the investigation in four poverty- stricken areas in Hubei Province in 2014 and 2015, and using Logit Model and Tobit Model, this paper intends to study the impact of labour force's outflow on family poverty in rural areas. The study finds that the labour force's outflow in rural areas brings a negative impact on poverty alleviation. The rural out flowing labour force not only aggravates rural family poverty, but also more likely sinks their families into heavier poverty. With insufficient labour left behind, the outflow causes a labour force shortage and confines the rural family's development, which hinders rural poverty alleviation. On the other hand, because of the separation of family members, the benefits of family's economic size cannot be fully shared. Although a family's total cash income increases, the equivalence scale of adjusted income per capital drops, which altogether aggravates family poverty. The implication of the findings is that promoting local hiring for the left- behind and back flow labour, and focusing on regional resources' fighting off poverty are right ways to practicing targeted poverty alleviation.

关 键 词：劳动力外流 农村家庭贫困 劳动力剩余 等值规模调整 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济]