云南省澜沧江流域居民区蚊类γ-多样性空间梯度格局与环境因素关系  

Spatial distribution pattern of mosquitoes γ-diversity and relationship with environmental factors of residential area along Lancang river in Yunnan province

作　　者：岳仁苹 龚正达[1,2] 王海波 葛军旗[3] 张丽云[2] 周红宁[4] 

机构地区：[1]大理大学公共卫生学院,云南大理671000 [2]云南省地方病防治所,云南大理671000 [3]北京市朝阳区疾病预防控制中心,北京100121 [4]云南省寄生虫病防治所,云南普洱665000

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2016年第3期220-227,共8页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30860250;30660160)~~

摘　　要：目的了解我国西南山区蚊类多样性空间分布格局的基本特征及与主要环境因子的关系。方法以云南省西部澜沧江流域9个纬度（21°-30°N）及6个海拔（500-3 500 m）为调查研究的空间和尺度,应用紫外灯诱捕法对居民区夜间活动的成蚊进行多样性调查。结果 （1）澜沧江流域居民区捕获蚊类180 099只,隶属于2亚科7属46种,其中按蚊属16种,库蚊属15种,伊蚊属11种,蓝带蚊属、阿蚊属、曼蚊属和脉毛蚊属各1种;（2）蚊类γ-多样性（物种丰富度）随着纬度升高,呈阶梯状下降趋势,随海拔的升高呈逐渐下降趋势;（3）β-多样性（Cody指数）随纬度的增加呈先升高后下降,后再升高的分布格局,两高峰位置分别位于24°-25°N和27°-28°N,沿海拔梯度呈先升高后逐步降低趋势,最高点位于海拔1 000-2 000 m;（4）聚类分析结果显示,澜沧江流域居民区不同纬度、海拔梯度带蚊类被分为3个地域区系类型,即东洋区系、东洋与古北区系的过渡区和古北区系;（5）澜沧江流域30个乡镇样点蚊类物种丰富度与纬度、海拔、温度、降雨量和蚊类密度的多元相关分析结果显示,物种丰富度与纬度和海拔两变量呈负相关（r=-0.720、-0.645,均P〈0.001）,而与温度、降雨量和密度呈正相关（r=0.598、0.675、0.785,均P〈0.001）。结论受地理和气候条件等因素影响,澜沧江流域蚊类γ-多样性的空间分布格局总体呈随纬度和海拔增高而递减,随温度和降雨量增加而增高的趋势。在地理因素中纬度梯度对蚊类γ-多样性的影响较明显,气候因素中降雨量对蚊类γ-多样性有重要作用。Objective To investigate the relationship between the basic law of large-scale spatial distribution pattern of mosquitoes and the main ecological factors affecting their distribution in the residential area of Lancang river of Yunnan province in China. Methods We surveyed the mosquitoes in relation to latitude and elevation along the Lancang river （21°-30° N, 500-3 500 m）. Adult mosquito samples were captured using UV light traps in the mountainous residential areas. Results （1） A total of 180 099 adult mosquitoes were collected and identified as 46 species of 7 genera in 2 subfamilies. Among them were the Anopheles 16 species, Culex 15 specie, Aedes 11 species, Uranotaenia, Armigeres, Mansonia, and Culiseta 1 species respectively; （2） T-diversity （Species richness） of mosquito showed ladder-like downward trend with the increasing latitude and along the altitudinal gradient, species richness showed a gradual downward trend; （3） β-diversity （Cody index） showed a bimodal distribution pattern with the increasing latitude, the two peaks were located at position 24°-25° N and 27°-28° N; along the altitudinal gradient, showed increase at first and then gradual decrease, the highest point was located at 1 000-1 500 m; （4） The result of cluster analysis showed that mosquito species were classified into three main ecological types by cluster analysis, namely Oriental fauna, Palaearctic fauna, and the transitional fauna between them; （5） Mosquito species richness with latitude, elevation, temperature and rainfall in the multiple correlation analysis showed that a negative correlation between the number of mosquito species with latitude and elevation, a positive correlation between with the temperature and rainfall. Conclusion Influenced by factors such as geographic and climatic conditions, the spatial distribution pattern of T-diversity in the Lancang river basin mosquito populations decreased with increased latitude and altitude, and the general trend of increase with the increase

关 键 词：蚊类 γ-多样性 空间梯度格局 澜沧江流域 

分 类 号：R384.1[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]