极端低温天气对双棚越冬栽培火龙果的冻害影响  

Effects of Extreme Cold Weather on the Freezing Injury in Hylocereus undatus Cultivated with Double-decked Awning in Winter

作　　者：刘涛[1] 杨丽娜[1] 姚哉军 应建平[1] 沈建勋[1] 王桂荣[1] 沃林峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省杭州市原种场,浙江杭州311115

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2016年第12期49-51,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：[目的]通过对连栋大棚双膜覆盖下火龙果的冻害调查,分析了极端低温天气对双棚越冬栽培火龙果的冻害影响。[方法]在低温霜冻天气条件下,分析双膜覆盖和加热线加热对火龙果连栋大棚的增温效果,调查棚内不同方位、不同发育阶段火龙果枝条的冻害情况。[结果]使用双膜覆盖和电热丝加热后,明显提高了火龙果的内棚温度,日平均温度提高了4.5~8.5℃,温度〈0℃的持续时间平均降低了8.4h。无论是边垄还是内垄的火龙果枝条,同一发育阶段、不同区段之间,其冻害率由大到小依次为前段、中段、后段。在边垄生长的火龙果枝条,同一区段、不同发育阶段之间,其冻害率由大到小依次为幼枝、嫩枝、嫩稍枝,而成熟枝未发生冻害;在内垄生长的火龙果枝条,只有距离内棚小门近的前段、中段未成熟枝条发生了不同程度的冻害,其余枝条均未发生冻害。此外,除幼枝外,同一发育程度的内垄火龙果枝条冻害率明显小于边垄。[结论]通过双膜覆盖和加热线加热能有效地提高棚内温度;应适当增大内棚与外棚基部间距,有效缓解边垄火龙果冻害情况;在入冬前,可采取一些栽培管理措施,培养更多发育充实的成熟枝条,以提高火龙果植株对低温灾害的抵御能力。[ Objective ] To investigate the freezing Injury in Hylocereus undatus cultivated with double-decked awning in winter,to analyze the effects of extreme cold weather on the freezing injury in Hylocereus undatus cultivated with double-decked awning in winter. [ Method] Under the low temperature freezing weather conditions ,we analyzed the warming effects of double-decked awning and heated wire on the multi-span green- house of H. undatus,and investigated the freezing injures of H. undatus in different positions at different growth stages. [ Result] Combined appli- cation of the double-decked awning and heating wire significantly raised the temperature of the greenhouse ,the average temperature increased by 4.5 -8.5 ℃ ,the duration of below 0 ℃ decreased by 8.4 h. As for H. undatus branches grown both in boundary ridge and within ridge ,freezing injure rates in different sections at the same growth stage were in the order of the front section 〉 middle section 〉 back section. As for the H. un- datus grown in boundary ridge in the same section at different growth stages ,freezing injure rates were in the order of young branch 〉 twigs branch 〉 tender branch. However, no freeze injure occurred in the mature branch. For the H. undatus grown in ridge, only the immature branches in the front and middle sections had freezing injure in different degrees. In addition,the branches grown in ridge had lower freezing injure rate than in boundary ridge except young branches. [ Conclusion ] Application of the double-decked awning and heating wires effectively increases the inside temperature in greenhouse. Increasing the basal space between the outside and inside greenhouse can effectively alleviate the freezing injury on H. undatus branches response to extreme cold weather. In order to improve the whole plant resistant to extreme cold weather,we should cultivate more mature branches by some cultural managements.

关 键 词：火龙果 低温冻害 保温措施 

分 类 号：S162.55[农业科学—农业气象学]