不同耕作模式对山东省郯城县夏玉米土壤特性及农艺性状的影响  

Effects of Different Tillage Patterns on Soil Properties and Agronomic Characters of Summer Maize in Tancheng County,Shandong Province

作　　者：孟凡胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省郯城县农业局农业技术推广中心,山东临沂276100

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2016年第12期52-55,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：鲁东丘陵区小麦玉米水肥自然资源高效利用综合技术集成与示范研究项目(2013BAD07B06-03)

摘　　要：[目的]探索山东省郯城县夏玉米最佳耕作模式,改善郯城县夏玉米农田土壤结构,提高土壤蓄水保墒能力,提升农田生产能力,增加夏玉米产量。[方法]以夏玉米为试验材料,开展农田深松效果研究,对比分析铁茬播种、旋耕、深翻和深松4种技术模式对土壤容重、土壤质量含水量、玉米地上部干物质积累量及作物生长特性和产量的影响。[结果]深松耕作模式能够增加土壤疏松度,与铁茬播种模式相比,其土壤容重降低了0.07~0.21 g/cm3;与铁茬、旋耕播种模式相比,其质量含水量增加了0.08~0.14 mg/mg;其地上部分干物质积累量与其他耕作模式最大相差34.9~82.0 g;此外,该模式还可增加夏玉米穗位叶面积,促进籽粒灌浆,较其他处理耕作模式可增产5.3%~5.9%,增产效果显著。[结论]深松耕作模式并秸秆还田对夏玉米农艺性状以及土壤蓄水、土壤容重等均有积极作用,具有较好的推广应用前景。[Objective] The aim was to explore optimal tillage modes for summer maize in Tancheng County,Shandong Province,improve farmland soil structure,soil moisture conservation capacity,farmland productivity and increase summer maize yield.[Method] With summer maize as test material,farmland deep loosening effect was studied.The influences of non tillage seeding,rotary tillage,deep plowing and subsoiling on soil bulk density,quality moisture content,maize aboveground sry matter accumulation,crop growth characteristics and yield were compared and analyzed.[Result] Results showed that subsoiling tillage and straw mulching could increase soil porosity and soil bulk density reduced 0.07-0.21 g / cm3;compared with non tillage seeding and rotary tillage modes,quality moisture content increased 0.08-0.14 mg / mg;the maximum difference of aboveground dry matter accumulation amount was 34.9-82.0 g,summer maize ear leaf area was increased,grain filling was promoted,compared with the other processing farming mode,yield increased 5.3%-5.9%.[Conclusion] Deep tillage and straw mulching had positive effects on agronomic characters and soil water storage,soil bulk density of summer maize.It has good prospects for promotion.

关 键 词：夏玉米 深松耕作模式 土壤容重 质量含水量 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]