不同供氮水平对机条播小麦氮素利用及产量的影响  

Effects of nitrogen utilization and yield of mechanical seeding wheat in different nitrogen levels

作　　者：张春明[1] 邱韩英 张炬[1] 赵铁铮[1] 王一丹[1] 吴刚 

机构地区：[1]上海市宝山区农业技术推广中心,上海201901 [2]上海市宝山区罗泾镇农业综合服务中心,上海200949

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2016年第3期40-44,共5页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：农业部测土配方施肥补贴项目

摘　　要：通过对机条播小麦‘罗麦10号'不同施氮量试验,分析了氮素吸收利用和对产量的影响。结果表明:机械条播小麦施用氮肥能显著促进有效穗数、粒数的增加,产量呈现随氮素施用量的增加先增后减的趋势。机械条播小麦氮肥利用率在氮肥0—315 kg/hm^2随氮肥施用量的增加而提高,但当氮素施用量过高时利用率反而降低。当氮肥施用量为315 kg/hm^2时,氮肥利用率最高为31.56%,氮肥的农学效率、偏生产力、生理利用率分别为9.26、20.52和29.25。效益分析表明,氮肥的最佳施肥量为317.55 kg/hm^2,此时效益最高。综合考虑产量、氮肥利用率和经济效益,机械条播小麦生产中氮肥施用量315 kg/hm^2为宜,可供沪郊小麦生产参考。Mechanical seeding wheat ＇Luomai No.10＇ was used as test material to analyzed the effects of nitrogen utilization and yield in different nitrogen levels.The results showed that application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the effective ears and grain number per panicle of mechanical seeding wheat,the yield firstly increased and then decreased with the raise of nitrogen application.The nitrogen utilization efficiency of mechanical seeding wheat increased with the raise of nitrogen application when nitrogen fertilizer was 0—315 kg/hm2,but it decreased when nitrogen fertilizer was overused.When the use of nitrogen fertilizer was315 kg/hm2,the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency was 31.56%,the nitrogen agronomy efficiency,the partial factor productivity,and the physiological efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer were 9.26,20.52,and 29.25 respectively.The benefit analysis showed that the optimum fertilizer rate was nitrogen fertilizer 317.55 kg/hm2,under which the benefit was the highest.Considering yield,nitrogen utilization efficiency and economic benefit,the best use of nitrogen fertilizer of echanical seeding wheat was 315 kg/hm2,this conclusion was available for reference to wheat production in Shanghai suburbs.

关 键 词：小麦 机条播 氮肥利用率 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]