水体Cd暴露对长江上游几种常见鱼类急性中毒效应的比较研究  

A Comparative Study on Acute Toxic Effect of Water-Born Cadmium on Six Common Fishes in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River

作　　者：房树林 潘天扬 闫玉莲[1] 谢小军[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学生命科学学院/水生生物及水环境研究所,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第6期81-89,共9页Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31300338);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20120182120030);重庆市科委自然科学基金计划资助项目(cstc2013jjB80008)

摘　　要：为比较水体镉(Cd)暴露对长江上游6种常见鱼类鲫鱼(Carassius auratus),草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus),南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis),团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala),中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)和胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)的急性中毒效应,以CdCl2为毒物源,在相同的水温(27.5±0.5℃),硬度(含CaCO3)(10.0±0.5mg/L)和pH(7.0±0.1)条件下,观测了水体中不同质量浓度Cd暴露对实验鱼的急性中毒症状和96h致死效应(96hLC50).实验结果表明,不同鱼类急性中毒的行为反应有不同.在Cd急性暴露期间,鲫鱼、草鱼、中华倒刺鲃和团头鲂均有跃出水箱的倾向,随暴露时间的延长,这种跳跃的能力减弱;而鲫鱼、草鱼和南方鲇在呼吸时有"咳嗽"反应(洗涤运动)发生.随着Cd2+质量浓度的升高,各种实验鱼的死亡率显著升高.Cd对鲫鱼、草鱼、南方鲇、团头鲂、中华倒刺鲃和胭脂鱼的96hLC50值分别为5.59,2.53,2.24,1.51,1.31和0.029mg/L.南方鲇死亡鱼群体的Cd累积量显著高于未死亡鱼群体(P<0.05);其它5种实验鱼的未死亡鱼群体Cd累积量高于死亡鱼群体Cd的累积量,且在中华倒刺鲃的两个群体间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).通过讨论提出,南方鲇皮肤构造及表面上的丰富粘液可能对水体中的Cd离子经皮肤渗入体内有阻碍作用.To investigate the acute toxic effects of water-born Cadmium（Cd）on 6common fishes in the upper reaches of theYangtze River,the juveniles of Carassius auratus,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Silurus meridionalis,Megalobrama amblycephala,Spinibarbus sinensis and Myxocyprinus asiaticus were exposed to Cd with different concentrations,at a same water temperature（27.5±0.5℃）,pH（7.0±0.1）and hardness（10±0.5 mg/L CaCO3）.The results show that behavioral responsesis different among the six species under water-born Cd exposure.C.auratus,C.idellus,M.amblycephalaand S.sinensisare active injumping out of the water surface during the initial stage of the experimental treatment,and the activities depress gradually with the exposure time lasting.C.auratus,C.idellus,S.meridionalis have cough responses during the exposure.The mortality of experimental fish increases with increasing Cd concentration.Themedian lethal concentration in 96hours（96hLC50）of Cd to C.auratus,C.idellus,S.meridionalis,M.amblycephala,S.sinensis and M.asiaticus are 5.59,2.53,2.24,1.51,1.31 and 0.029mg/L respectively.Cd accumulation in the dead fish islower than that in the survivors in each species except for S.meridionalis.And the difference between the dead and the survivor reaches significant level in S.sinensis（P0.05）.It is suggested that the skin structure and its rich mucus might prevent Cd ions entering into the body through the skin.

关 键 词：水体镉(Cd) 鱼类 急性中毒 半致死浓度 生物累积 

分 类 号：S94[农业科学—水产养殖]