太湖流域典型稻麦轮作农田稻季不施磷的农学及环境效应探究  

Agronomic and environmental effects of P fertilization reduction in rice-wheat rotation field in Taihu Lake Region of Southeast China

作　　者：朱文彬[1,2] 汪玉[2] 王慎强[2] 赵旭[2] 卢亚男[2,3] 程谊[2] 司友斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,合肥230036 [2]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室、国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [3]南京农业大学理学院,南京210095

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2016年第6期1129-1135,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2015CB150403);中科院战略性先导科技专项B(XDB15020402);国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD15B03);国家水专项课题(2012ZX07101-004);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(15)1004]

摘　　要：以太湖流域典型稻麦轮作农田为研究对象开展大田试验,通过设置稻麦季均施磷(PR+W,当前农民施肥习惯)、麦季施磷稻季不施磷(PW)、稻季施磷麦季不施磷(PR)以及稻麦季均不施磷(Pzero,对照)四种施磷处理,提出麦季施磷稻季不施磷(PW)的减磷措施。四年八季作物研究结果表明:与传统PR+W处理相比较,PW处理的作物籽粒和秸秆产量均无显著变化,但却提高磷肥利用率3.54%,同时降低土壤速效磷累积量10.5%~36.7%,减少径流总磷浓度12.0%。据此推算,如果一个稻季不施磷肥,太湖流域1.02×106hm^2水稻土四年可节约P_2O_5约24万t,估算该流域每年可直接节约肥料投入成本3.06亿元。这表明采取麦季施磷稻季不施磷的减磷措施不仅能够保持稳产,而且可节约磷肥(磷矿)资源,降低水环境污染风险,具有农学、环境以及经济效益的三赢潜力。Over-fertilization of phosphorus（P） fertilizers is a common practice in rice-wheat rotation fields in the Taihu Lake Region（TLR）. In this study, a four-year field experiment of eight rice-wheat-growing seasons was conducted to explore the feasibility of omitting P application in rice season. Four different P regimes, including P fertilization for wheat season only（PW）, P fertilization for rice season only（PR）, P fertilization for both rice and wheat seasons（PR＋W）, and no P fertilization for both seasons（Pzero）as control, were designed.Compared with PR＋W treatment, rice and wheat yields over 4 years did not show significant difference in PW treatment; but the concentrations of Olsen-P and total P in PW treatment declined by 10.5%~36.7% and 12.0%, respectively（P0.05）, and the utilization efficiency of P fertilizer increased by 3.54%（P0.05）. Based on the current price of superphosphate, 3.06 billion RMB per year could be saved in TLR.Therefore, the regime of omitting P fertilizer for rice season in rice-wheat rotation field has positive effects on agriculture, environment and economy, and is feasible for at least 4 years in TLR.

关 键 词：稻季不施磷 作物产量 磷肥利用率 土壤速效磷 径流总磷 经济效益 

分 类 号：S143.2[农业科学—肥料学]