减量施氮对雨养区春玉米产量和环境效应的影响  

Effect of reduced nitrogen fertilization on spring maize production and environmental impacts in rain-fed areas

作　　者：吴得峰 姜继韶[2] 孙棋棋[2] 王蕊[1] 李如剑 王志齐[3] 刘洪星[4] 崔全红 郭胜利[1,2,3] 党廷辉[1,2,3] 巨晓棠[4] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [4]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2016年第6期1202-1209,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103039)资助

摘　　要：通过3年田间试验,研究了减量施氮(N)对雨养区春玉米产量、温室气体排放、土壤硝态氮(NO_3^--N)残留的影响。试验于2013年4月至2015年9月在中国科学院长武黄土高原农业生态试验站进行,供试作物为春玉米,半覆膜种植,设常规施氮(N200)和减量施氮(N150)2个处理,定期测定土壤矿质N和氧化亚氮(N_2O)气体含量。结果表明:虽然N150处理较N200处理施N量减少了25%,但玉米产量无显著变化(P>0.05),三年平均为13.4(N200)、13.3(N150)t·hm^(-2);N150处理N2O累积排放量较N200处理降低24.3%;N200处理0~200 cm土壤剖面NO_3^--N残留量平均为210.2 kg·hm^(-2),N150处理则低至115.1 kg·hm^(-2);N200和N150处理的生育期耗水量差异不显著(P>0.05)。在渭北雨养农业区,春玉米在常规施N的基础上减量25%,不仅能维持作物产量,还能有效降低N_2O排放和NO_3^--N的残留。An experiment was designed to examine effects of reduced nitrogen（N）fertilization on spring maize production, greenhouse gas emissions and soil nitrate nitrogen（NO_3^--N）residue in under rain-fed farming systems. The three-year field experiment was performed at the Changwu State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station of the Loess Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Two treatments：tradi-tional nitrogen（N200） and reduced nitrogen（N150）were employed. Soil mineral nitrogen and N_2O emissions were determined regularly.Results showed that there were no significant differences in maize grain yields between N200（13.4 t·hm^（-2））and N150（13.3 t·hm^（-2））. However, the cumulative N_2O emissions in N150 was decreased by 24.3%, compared with that of N200. Within 0 ~200 cm soil profile, NO_3^--N residue in the N200 treatment was averagely 210.2 kg·hm^（-2）, while it was reduced to 115.1 kg·hm^（-2） in N150 treatment. During the growth period of spring maize, the water consumption ranged from 354 to 493 mm, with no significant difference between the two treatments（P〈0.05）. Reducing 25% of N fertilizer against the traditional N fertilization not only guarantees the maize yields, but also effectively decreases the N2O emissions and soil NO3^--N residues in the cropping system in the Weibei rain-fed agricultural area.

关 键 词：春玉米 减量施氮 产量 氧化亚氮 硝态氮 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]