注意训练和视知觉训练对视觉能力改善效果的比较研究  

Comparative Study on Effects of Attentional Training and Visual Perception Training on Visual Capacity Improvement

作　　者：潘笑楠 王玉鑫[1] 周曙[2] 张小远[1] 王优[1] 

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学公共卫生学院心理学系,广东省广州市510515 [2]南方医科大学南方医院神经内科

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2016年第18期2188-2192,共5页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(81200962);国家级和广东省级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201312121013;1212113028)

摘　　要：目的比较注意训练和视知觉训练对视觉能力的改善效果,为临床上视觉能力的改善和康复提供借鉴。方法选取2015年5月第1周南方医科大学自愿报名的视力或矫正视力正常的学生32例,采用随机数字表法将所有受试者分为时间注意训练组(n=8)、空间注意训练组(n=8)、视知觉训练组(n=8)和对照组(n=8)。入组第2天对照组不进行任何训练,时间注意组进行注意瞬脱任务训练,空间注意组进行经典的有用视野任务训练,视知觉组进行经典的纹理辨别任务训练。共进行15组训练,48次/组,共计720次。入组第1天、第3天测量4组受试者中央注视点任务,入组第1天、第3天及3周后,测量4组受试者的外周视觉纹理辨别阈限,并于入组第1天记录4组低分心问卷得分。结果 4组受试者中央注视点任务前测正确率及后测正确率、外周视觉纹理辨别前测阈限及后测阈限比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);时间注意训练组、视知觉训练组受试者阈限改善比例均大于对照组(P<0.05);视知觉训练组受试者阈限改善比例大于空间注意训练组(P<0.05)。4组受试者外周视觉纹理辨别保持阈限、阈限保持比例及低分心问卷得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。受试者外周视觉纹理辨别阈限改善比例〔(46±30)%〕与低分心问卷得分〔(7.1±2.4)分〕呈正相关(r=0.517,P=0.003)。结论时间注意训练对视觉能力的改善效果与视知觉训练相当,而空间注意训练弱于视知觉训练,所有改善效果均能在训练结束后保持至少3周,且个体越能控制自己不分心,视觉能力改善效果越好。Objective The present study aims to investigate the difference between the attentional training and the visual perception training in improving visual capacity,and to provide guidance for visual capacity improvement and rehabilitation in clinical practice. Methods 32 students of Southern Medical University whose vision or corrected vision was normal,were selected as study subjects according to voluntary manner during the first week of May 2015. They were divided into four groups equally：the temporal attentional training group（n = 8）,the spatial attentional training group（n = 8）,the visual perception training group（n = 8）,and the control group（n = 8）,by random number method. On the second day,control group was not trained with any task,temporal attentional training group was trained with the attentional blink task,spatial attentional training group was trained with the classic useful field of view task,and visual perceptual training group was trained with the classic visual texture discrimination task. The training included 15 blocks,48 trials per block,totaling 720 trials. On the first day and third day,the central fixation task was measured in 4 groups of groups;on the first day,the third day and at least three weeks later, the visual texture discrimination thresholds was measured in 4 groups of groups. All participants also answered the low distractibility questionnaire on the first day. Results There was no significant difference in the pre - test accuracy and the post -test accuracy of the central fixation task,the pre - test threshold and the post - test threshold of the visual texture discrimination task among the four groups（P 〉 0. 05）. The proportion of threshold improvement in the temporal attentional training group and the visual perceptual training group was significantly higher than that in control group,respectively（P 〈 0. 05）;The proportion of threshold improvement in the visual perceptual training group was significantly higher than that in the spatial attentional trai

关 键 词：注意瞬脱 视知觉 视觉 眼 注意训练 康复效果 

分 类 号：R339.145[医药卫生—人体生理学]