河西地区潜在蒸散发量变化及其敏感性分析  

Analysis of Potential Evapotranspiation and Its Sensitivity in Hexi Region

作　　者：张彩霞[1] 花婷[1] 郎丽丽[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2016年第4期357-362,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41101006);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31570467)

摘　　要：基于Penman-Monteith方程式计算了河西地区的潜在蒸散发量,应用气候倾斜率分析了主要气候因子的变化趋势,并基于湿润指数对河西地区地表干湿状况的时空变化特征进行了分析,基于情境假设法评估了潜在蒸散发量对各气象因子的敏感性。结果表明:1975—2012年河西地区最高温度和年均温度显著升高,而风速显著降低。随着海拔的升高,降水量和湿润指数均显著增加,潜在蒸散发量显著降低;平均风速和日照时间与潜在蒸散发量正相关,而相对湿度和平均气压为负相关。河西地区平均温度、平均风速、日照时间、相对湿度和气压变化能够引起潜在蒸散发量变化的百分比分别为41.1%,22.9%,19.1%,16.4%和0.5%。The potential evapotranspiation of Hexi regions was calculated based on the Penman-Monteith equation.Slope analysis was employed to assess the main meteorological factor trends from the year of 1975 to the year of 2012.The spatiotemporal patterns of surface humidity changes in the Hexi region were discussed using the humidity index.The results indicated that the maximum temperature and the mean annual temperature had increased significantly,while the wind velocity had decreased significantly in this region.With the increase of the elevation,the precipitation and the humid index increased significantly,while the potential evapotranspiration decreased significantly.In addition,sensitivity of ET0 to climatic changes under different climate scenarios was also evaluated.The results indicated that the potential evapotranspiration was positively related to the average temperature,average wind velocity and the sunshine duration,while it was negatively related to the relatively humid and air press.The variation percentage in the potential evapotranspiration caused by the changes of the individual meteorological factors（average temperature,average wind velocity,the sunshine time,relatively humid,air press）was 41.1%,22.9%,19.1%,16.4%and 0.5%,respectively.

关 键 词：潜在蒸散发 干旱 湿润指数 河西地区 

分 类 号：K903[历史地理—人文地理学]