国家社会主义的劳动体制及其转型——基于对国家社会主义时期的苏联、东欧和中国劳动体制的比较  

Labour System of National Socialism and Its Transformation——A comparison of the Labour Systems of the Soviet Union,Eastern Europe and China against the Backdrop of National Socialism

作　　者：贾文娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学社会学院,上海200444

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第3期11-19,共9页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第56批面上资助项目(D.10-0137-14-B02)

摘　　要：从劳动过程理论视角看,社会主义国家的市场转型路径不仅由精英所主导,还与不同劳动体制下劳动者的态度与选择有关。将"政党—国家能力"和"技术官僚权力"两个因素补充进迈可·布洛维对国家社会主义劳动体制理想类型的建构框架中,认为国家社会主义劳动体制包括官僚专制主义、官僚霸权主义、群众参与主义和工人自治主义。当国家社会主义遭遇普遍性的效率与合法性困境时,奉行不同劳动体制的国家的转型路径也存在差异。劳动体制为官僚专制主义与官僚霸权主义的国家因存在严重的贫富分化与劳资矛盾造成民众仇视政党国家,并导致政权迅速更迭;劳动体制为群众参与主义的国家因工人阶级对政党—国家的信任并未丧失,为国家主导的渐进式改革争取了时间;而在劳动体制为工人自治主义的国家,因"政党—国家能力"与"技术官僚权力"都较弱,而走向了地区的自治与分裂。From the perspective of labour process theory, the market transformation form of the socialist countries is not only decided by the elite but also closely connected with the attitudes and choices of the labourers in different labour systems. By integrating＂party- nation ability＂and＂technocrats＂into Michael Burawoy＇s ideal models for the labour systems in national socialist countries, this paper argues that the labour systems of national socialist countries roughly include bureaucratic despotism, bureaucratic hegemony,mass participation, and workers＇ autonomy. When national socialism is confronted with challenges in terms of efficiency and legitimacy, different countries of different labour systems adopt different forms of national transformations. In countries where bureaucratic despotism and bureaucratic hegemony result in huge gaps between the rich and poor and conflicts between the labour and the capital, labour systems can cause the mass to hate the party and hence quick change of regimes; in countries where mass participation has been adopted in the labour system, the working class still holds confidence in the nation and the party, so that time will be won for a progressive reform led by the country; and in countries where workers＇ autonomy has been included in the labour system,＂party- nation ability＂and＂technocrats＂are comparatively weak so that regional autonomy or split might be the tendency.

关 键 词：国家社会主义 劳动过程 市场转型 (前)苏联 东欧 中国 

分 类 号：D693.2[政治法律—政治学]