客观知识与主观知识:青年学生的核电知识水平及对核电态度的影响  

Objective and Subjective Knowledge:Knowledge Level of the College Students on Nuclear Energy and its Impact Toward their Attitudes

作　　者：邓理峰[1] 郑馨怡[1] 周志成[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学传播与设计学院

出　　处：《科学与社会》2016年第2期85-109,共25页Science and Society

基　　金：广州市大数据与公共传播人文社会科学重点研究基地资助项目;中山大学"三大建设"专项资助(99123-18823306)

摘　　要：本文首先回顾了客观知识与主观知识的相关理论和研究,据此框架总结核电知识与核电态度的相关研究成果,通过问卷调查法和焦点小组访谈法,探讨青年大学生的核电知识水平及其对核电接受度的影响。本文认为,大学生的核电知识水平可以分为两个方面:客观知识反映了大学生关于核电实际的知识储备,主观知识则是大学生对自身对于核电了解程度的自我评估。调查研究结果显示,大学生关于核电的客观知识水平和主观知识水平均偏低,且二者的匹配度不高;获取核电知识主动性越高的大学生,其主观知识水平越高;提高大学生关于核电的客观知识水平和主观知识水平均有助于提升他们对于人类使用核电、我国发展核电和家乡建设核电站三个层面的核电接受度;大学生关于核电的客观知识和主观知识水平与他们对于人类使用核电、我国发展核电和家乡建设核电站三个层面的核电接受度均表现出正相关关系,且客观知识水平与对于我国发展核电的接受度之间的相关关系强于主观知识水平。This paper first provided a review of the literature on objective and subjective knowledge, and summarized the previous studies investigating the relationship between knowledge and public acceptance of nuclear energy. Then, survey data and focus group method are employed to explore the respective effect of college students＇ objective and subjective knowledge on acceptance of nuclear energy. Applied to nuclear science communication, objective knowledge is the relevant information stored in memory and reflects how much a college student actually knows about nuclear energy, while subjective knowledge represents the individual＇s perception of how much he/she knows about nuclear energy. The results indicated that generally college students possess low objective and subjective knowledge about nuclear energy, and the level of correspondence between objective and subjective knowledge is not high. The more active the student in acquiring the knowledge, we observed the higher level of their subjective knowledge. Positive correlations are observed between the two types of knowledge and all three dimensions of willingness to accept nuclear energy, namely the acceptance of humans＇ usage of nuclear energy, the development of nuclear energy in China and construction of nuclear plant in hometown. More importantly, objective knowledge has greater impact on stronger relationship with college students＇ acceptance with regard to the development of nuclear energy in China than subjective knowledge.

关 键 词：核电 知识水平 接受度 客观知识 主观知识 

分 类 号：TM623-4[电气工程—电力系统及自动化] G642[文化科学—高等教育学]