辽宁一例凡纳滨对虾大规模死亡的病原研究  

A pathogen in mass death of Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in Liaoning Province

作　　者：姚洪[1] 张吉鹏[1] 杨川[1] 张利娟[1] 朴元植 刘月芬 叶仕根[1] 李华[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学农业部北方海水增养殖重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [2]盘锦市水产技术推广站,辽宁盘锦124010

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2016年第3期256-260,共5页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：辽宁省海洋渔业厅重点攻关项目(201402)

摘　　要：为对辽宁省盘锦地区2014年出现的大规模死亡凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei展开病原研究,对死虾进行了白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)、桃拉病毒(TSV)、传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病病毒(IHHNV)和嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila的分析鉴定,提取病虾鳃组织DNA/RNA后,以特异性引物进行WSSV、TSV和IHHNV病毒检测,通过16S r DNA测序及嗜水气单胞菌特异性引物和气溶素基因的双重PCR对分离菌株QD1进行分类鉴定,并对病虾的鳃、胃、肝胰腺和附肢进行了组织病理切片观察。结果表明:患病对虾WSSV和TSV检测呈阳性;菌株QD1为嗜水气单胞菌,其人工回归感染试验结果显示,分离菌株能使健康凡纳滨对虾致病死亡;组织病理学观察显示,病虾鳃及胃组织出现大量WSSV特征性的病变核,肝胰腺上皮细胞出现严重萎缩,肝胰腺管腔变大,部分肝细胞坏死,肝胰腺管之间结缔组织中血细胞明显增多。研究表明,此次凡纳滨对虾大量死亡为WSSV和TSV两种病毒与嗜水气单胞菌混合感染所致。In this paper, white spot syndrome virus （WSSV） , Taurus virus （TSV） , Infectious hypodermal, hematopoietic necrosis virus （IHHNV） and pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila were identified in diseased and mass death of Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei collected from Panjin region in Liaoning Province with specific primer after extracting DNA/RNA from gill tissue,16S rDNA sequencing and double PCR identification in specific primer and aerolysin gene of the pathogenic bacterium was identified to classify strain QD1. The tissue pathological observation was carried out on gills, stomach, hepatopancreas and appendages of the diseased shrimps. The results showed that WSSV and TSV were positive to the disease, and that the isolated strain was proved to be classified as Aeromonas hydrophila which led to the shrimp death by artificial challenged. Histopathological observation revealed that there was a large number of nuclei of WSSV in gill and stomach of the diseased shrimp. The severe atrophical epithelial cells, larger lumen, part of the hepatic cell necrosis and blood cells were observed in the hepatopancreas of the diseased shrimp. Comprehensive analysis confirmed that it is the mixed infection of 2 species of virus and Aeromonas hydrophila in a large number of Pacific white leg shrimp death.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 白斑综合征病毒 桃拉病毒 嗜水气单胞菌 组织病理 

分 类 号：Q954.4[生物学—动物学]