底质粒径和水温对不同规格毛蚶苗潜沙能力的影响  

Effects of temperature and substrate grain size on burrowing ability of ark shell Scapharca subcrenata with various sizes

作　　者：郭良勇[1,2] 刘海映[1,3] 陈雷[1,4] 姜玉声[3] 刘连为[1] 赵金欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学辽宁省海洋牧场工程技术研究中心,辽宁大连116023 [2]辽宁省水产苗种管理局,辽宁大连116015 [3]大连海洋大学辽宁省海洋生物资源恢复与生境修复重点试验室,辽宁大连116023 [4]辽宁师范大学生命科学学院,辽宁大连116081

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2016年第3期295-300,共6页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：辽宁省科学技术计划项目(2011203004);国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201405003);农业部北方海水增养殖重点试验室开放课题(2014-MSENC-KF-16);农业部物种资源保护(渔业)项目[农财发(2015)35号]

摘　　要：为探究底质粒径和水温对毛蚶Scapharca subcrenata苗潜沙能力的影响,以小、中、大3种规格的毛蚶（壳长分别为5-8、9-12、13-15 mm）为试验对象,并以细、中、粗3种沙（粒径分别为125-250、251-500、501-1000μm）为底质,进行了不同底质粒径对不同规格毛蚶苗潜沙率影响的研究,同时进行了水温（5、9、13、17、21、25℃）对不同规格毛蚶潜沙率影响的研究。结果表明：试验初期（10min）,小、中、大3种规格的毛蚶在粗粒径底质中的潜沙率总体低于细、中粒径底质条件下的潜沙率,并分别在300、60、120 min时达到细粒径底质条件下的潜沙率;480 min前,小规格组毛蚶的潜沙率总体高于同期中、大规格组,480 min后,大规格组毛蚶的潜沙率总体高于同期中、小规格组;试验结束（1440min）时,底质粒径对毛蚶潜沙率的影响均不显著（P〉0.05）,相对小规格个体,大规格毛蚶潜沙率更高;当水温为21℃及以下时,毛蚶潜沙率随着温度的升高而升高;水温为25℃时,试验初期（40 min）毛蚶的潜沙率较高,但之后潜沙率上升缓慢且出现个体死亡现象。研究表明：壳长为5-12 mm的毛蚶在粒径为251-500μm的底质条件下潜沙率较高,而壳长为13-15 mm的毛蚶在粒径为125-250μm的底质条件下潜沙率较高;水温21℃时,壳长为9-12 mm的毛蚶潜沙率最高。The effects of temperature （5, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25 ℃）and substrate size （125-250, 251-500 and 501-1000 μ m） on burrowing ability of ark shell Scapharca subcrenata with shell length（5-8, 9-12 and 13-15 mm） were studied in order to seek for optimal temperature and particle size of substrate for improvement of burro-wing ability of ark shell. The results showed that there was lower burrowing rate in 501-1000μ m particle substrate than in the other two sizes of substrate at the beginning of the experiment（ 10 min） , and the burrowing rate of ark shell with shell length （5-8 , 9-12 and 13-15 mm） was found to be the same in substrate with particles（ 125-250 μm） at 300, 60 and 120 min. In the first 480 min, the burrowing rate of ark shell with shell length （5-8 mm） was almost the highest, however, after 480 min, the burrowing rate of ark shell with shell length （13-15 mm） was al-most the highest. At the end of the experiment （1440 min） , there was no significant effect of substrate particle size on the burrowing rate of the shellfish （P〉0. 05） , relatively higher burrowing rate in large ark shell, compared with the small ones. When the water temperature was less than 21 ℃ the burrowing rate was increased with the increasing temperature. At 25 ℃, however, the burrowing rate was higher at the beginning of the experiment, and then declined, even death of some individuals. It can be concluded that the maximal burrowing rate was found in the ark shell with shell length of 5-12 mm in 251-500 μ m particle substrate,and in the ark shell with shell length of 13-15 mm in 125-250 μ m particle substrate. The maximal burrowing rate was found in the ark shell with shell length of 9-12 mm at water temperature of 21 ℃.

关 键 词：毛蚶 温度 底质 潜沙率 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]