达氏鳇幼鱼骨骼系统解剖研究  

Skeletal system of juvenile kaluga sturgeon Huso dauricus

作　　者：郭长江[1] 赵文[1] 石振广 蒲红宇[1] 张赛赛[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学辽宁省水生生物学重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [2]云南阿穆尔鲟鱼集团有限公司,云南昆明650228

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2016年第3期301-306,共6页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金资助项目(20072140);横向联合项目"达氏鳇基础生物学研究"(2012-2014)

摘　　要：为查明达氏鳇Huso dauricus骨骼系统构造特点,采用常规方法对达氏鳇1龄幼鱼的骨骼系统进行了解剖观察。结果表明,达氏鳇幼鱼骨骼具有以下比较明显的特征：1龄达氏鳇幼鱼共有127-129块骨板,其中背骨板15-16个,左侧骨板39-40个,右侧骨板39-41个,左侧腹骨板10个,右侧腹骨板9个,脑颅为整块的软骨骨箱,外被坚硬的硬骨质膜片;腹骨板第4片骨板有两个细而长的刺突,以后各个骨板渐次平滑;咽颅部骨化程度很小,大部分为软骨质骨;舌颌骨十分发达,背面与脑颅的后颞窝相关节,加强了颌弓与脑颅相结合的强度和韧性,颚方骨完全游离,不与脑颅相接;腰带退化;具歪尾型尾鳍,尾鳍上叶背前缘有一系列棘状的硬鳞;颊部左右鳃膜相互连接,下颌收缩肌和鳃盖开肌十分发达,与其凶猛食性相适应。研究表明,达氏鳇具有发达的后颞窝和舌颌骨,它们之间＂舌接形＂的连接方式与达氏鳇凶猛的食性相适应。A skeletal system of 1 year old kaluga sturgeon Huso dauricus juveniles were studied by means of conventional method to ascertain the structure characteristics of skeletal system in kaluga sturgeon. The results showed that a total bone plate of about 127-129 blocks was observed in 1 year old kaluga sturgeon, including 15-16 of back bone plates,about 39-40 left side bone plates,39-41 right side bone plates,10 left side abdominal bone plates and 9 right side abdominal bone plates,with a block of cartilage neurocranium covered with hard bony plates on the surface. There were two thin and long thorns on the fourth pieces of abdominal bone plate,posterior to which each bone plate was gradually smooth. The splanchnocranium had weak ossification, and the others were mostly cartilaginous bone. The hyomandibular was well developed,and connected with posttemporalis of neurocranium to strength the toughness and connection between neurocranium and arcus mandibularis,with completely free palatinum and degradation of pelvic girdle. Kaluga sturgeon had a heterocercal tail,with a few of acanthoid hard scales on front back of upper lobe of caudal fin. Isthmus about gill membranes was united to each other, mandibular muscle contraction and opercular muscle were developed, being adapted to ferocious feeding. The correlation between the functional adaptation and feeding habits of the skeletal system was discussed.

关 键 词：达氏鳇 骨骼系统 食性适应 幼鱼 

分 类 号：Q954.54[生物学—动物学]