大连獐子岛人工鱼礁海域夏季水质变化与评价  

Evaluation and changes in water quality at artificial reef area in Zhangzi Island in Dalian in summer

作　　者：刘永虎[1] 程前[1] 田涛[1] 陈勇[1] 尹增强[1] 刘汉超[1] 王月[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学辽宁省海洋牧场工程技术研究中心,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2016年第3期331-337,共7页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD23B02;2012BAD18B03)

摘　　要：为评价大连獐子岛海域人工鱼礁投放前后夏季水质的变化情况,根据2010—2014年该海域本底调查（2010年夏季）及4次（2011—2014年每年夏季）跟踪调查数据,采用富营养化指数（E）、有机污染指数（A）和水质综合评价方法等进行评价。结果表明：投礁后,无机氮（DIN）和无机磷（DIP）含量整体呈下降趋势,其中DIN含量平均值由投礁前的（0.602±0.020）mg/L降低至（0.053±0.010）mg/L（2014年夏季）,DIP含量平均值由投礁前的（0.033±0.005）mg/L下降至（0.016±0.004）mg/L（2014年夏季）,氮的变化比磷的变化大;鱼礁区的溶解氧（DO）含量比较高,除2011年4号站位外,其他站位均大于6 mg/L;化学需氧量（COD）在2011年大幅度提高,达到6-7 mg/L,其他年份均为3-4 mg/L;重金属除Cu外,Pb、Cd含量整体呈下降趋势,有机污染指数平均值整体呈下降趋势,由投礁前的0.045±0.004下降到-0.277±0.002（2014年夏季）,水体质量由投礁前的较好转为投礁后的良好水平;富营养化指数平均值整体呈下降趋势,由投礁前的1.45±0.04降低至0.41±0.04（2014年夏季）,水体的营养化水平由投礁前的富营养化转化为投礁后的贫营养化水平;比较投礁后3个海岛海水水质的变化情况,应用水质综合评价方法,可知其综合评价值依次为Ⅱ区域（大耗岛）〉Ⅰ区域（褡裢岛）〉Ⅲ（小耗岛）。研究表明,獐子岛人工鱼礁建设海域夏季水质状况在鱼礁投放后得到明显改善。The assessment of water quality was carried out before and after establishment of artificial reef area of Zhangzi Island based on the water environmental data from background survey in summer of 2010 and four surveys from summer of 2011 to summer of 2014 by eutrophication index （E ）,organic pollution index （A ） and water qual-ity comprehensive evaluation method. The results showed that the content of inorganic nitrogen（ DIN） was reduced from （0.602±0. 020）mg/L before construction of the artificial reef to （0. 053±0. 010）mg/L in summer of 2014 after construction of the artificial reef and that the content of inorganic phosphorus （ DIP） was decreased from （0.033±0.005）mg/L before construction of the artificial reef to （0.016±0. 004）mg/L in summer of 2014 after construction of the artificial reef,greater fluctuation in nitrogen level than in phosphorus level. The content of dissolved oxygen （ DO） was higher than 6 mg/L in the artificial reef area except for the No. 4 station in 2011,and chemical oxygen demand （ COD） was increased up to 6-7 mg/L in 2011,compared with the 3-4 mg/L in other years. The contents of Pb and Cd were significantly reduced,and the average water A was decreased from 0.045± 0. 004 before construction of the artificial reef to -0. 277±0.002 after construction of the artificial reef in 2014, water quality level from good to excellent. The average eutrophication was decreased from 1.45±0. 04 before construction of the artificial reef to 0. 41±0.04 after construction of the artificial reef, water quality level from eutrophication to poor eutrophication. The comprehensive evaluation value revealed that the descending order of the water quality in the artificial reef was ranged as area Ⅱ （Dahao Island ） 〉 Ⅰ （ Dalian Island） island area〉Ⅲ（Xiaohao Island）, indicating that water quality was improved after construction of the artificial reef.

关 键 词：人工鱼礁 营养盐 水质 獐子岛 

分 类 号：S953.1[农业科学—水产养殖]