陕北公路旁土壤、农作物重金属污染特征与评价  

Characteristics and Evaluation of the Heavy Metal Pollution of Soil and Crops Near the Highway in the North of Shanxi

作　　者：祁迎春[1] 应婷[1] 田浩[1] 赵德文[1] 曹小华[1] 张帅[1] 

机构地区：[1]延安大学石油工程与环境工程学院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《环境科技》2016年第3期52-57,共6页Environmental Science and Technology

基　　金：延安大学校级科研项目(YDK2015-53);2014年陕西省大学生创新训练计划项目(1071);2014年国家级大学生创新创新训练计划项(201410719010);陕西省高水平大学建设专项资金资助项目(2013SXTS03)

摘　　要：为研究陕北公路旁土壤和农作物重金属污染状况及特征,测定了210国道延安市宝塔区路段两侧农田土壤和玉米叶中Mn,Cd,Cu,Pb,Cr和Zn的含量,并采用单项污染指数和综合污染指数进行评价。结果表明,公路两侧土壤受到严重的Cd污染,超标率为87.5%,重度污染达到75%。土壤中其他4种重金属的含量未超过标准值。玉米叶中污染物主要以Cd和Cr为主,超标率都达到100%。土壤重金属、玉米叶重金属及土壤理化性状间相关性分析表明,土壤Cu含量与玉米叶中Cu呈极显著(p<0.01)正相关,土壤中Mn与全氮呈显著(p<0.05)正相关,而与速效磷呈极显著负相关。此外,Zn与有机质之间呈显著正相关,Cr与p H值之间呈显著负相关,其它测定项目之间相关性均不显著。To study the distribution of the heavy metal contamination in soil next to the highway and the effects of heavy metal pollution on crops, Mn, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr and Zn concentration of the soil samples and maize leaf samples in Baota region of Yanan city, Shanxi Province, have been measured. The heavy metal pollution of soil was evaluated by comprehensive index method and single index method respectively. The results indicated that the roadside soil was contaminated seriously by Cd. The rate of exceed Cd in soil is 87.5 percent, in which 75 percent is seriously polluted. The single heavy metal pollution indexes of other four kinds of heavy metal were less than 1 separately, not exceeded. Pollutants in maize leaf are mainly Cd and Cr, the overrunning rate were 100%. The Cu content of the soil had very significantly（p 0.01） positive relation with the Cu content of the maize leaf. The Mn content of the soil had significantly（p 0.05） positive relation with the total nitrogen content of the soil, but it had very significantly negative relation with soil available P. In addition, there was positive correlation between Zn content of the soil and soil organic matter. Also, Zn content of the soil exhibited a significantly negative correlation with soil p H.

关 键 词：公路 土壤 农作物 重金属污染 

分 类 号：X8[环境科学与工程—环境工程]