陶瓷粉尘中多种元素含量的测定  

Determination of Multi-elements Contents in Ceramic Dust

作　　者：王湘敏[1] 赵岩[1] 

机构地区：[1]烟台大学化学化工学院,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《江西科学》2016年第3期353-356,共4页Jiangxi Science

基　　金：山东省科技惠民计划项目(2014kjhm0309)

摘　　要：研究陶瓷车间粉尘浓度、空间变化、粉尘中22种元素含量。粉尘滤膜样品经微波消解后,用TXRF、AAS对22种元素进行测定,采用SPSS对数据进行统计。各作业点粉尘浓度均超过国家卫生标准,各工序粉尘浓度之间有显著性差异(p≤0.05),5μm以下粉尘分散度的平均值为81.85%,粉尘中游离SiO_2平均含量为30.59%。粉尘中Al元素含量最高,K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe含量次之,各作业点粉尘中Mn、Cu元素平均含量有显著性差异(p≤0.05),Zn、Pb和Cd元素平均含量差异不显著,Zn元素含量普遍较高,而Cd元素含量普遍较低。空气中粉尘含量不同及各作业点粉尘中元素含量不同,表明粉尘数量、粉尘成分受不同工艺影响。建议陶瓷生产企业在开展粉尘危害性评价同时,采取有效的预防措施,改进排风设施、加强空气净化和对流,做好从业人员个体防护。To study ceramic dust concentration,spatial variation and 22 elements content in ceramic workshop. After microwave digestion,22 elements in dust filter samples were determined by TXRF or AAS. The experimental data were deal with SPSS software. The observation results showed that the dust density of all the points exceeded the healty standard. There was a significant difference of dust density in different point（ p≤0. 05）. The average dispersion of ceramic dust less than 5μm was 81. 85%,The average content of free silica in ceramic dust was 30. 59%. The maximum content in these dusts were Al in ceramic dust. The element of K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe takes the second content. There was a significant difference of Mn and Cu in different point（ p≤0. 05）. The result showed that the average content of Zn、Pb and Cd in these dusts was not significant（ p 〉 0. 05）. The average content of Zn is usually high,while Cd is usually low. The results of dust content and 22 elements in these dusts showed that they were affected by different process. Suggest the ceramic production enterprises carry out the dust hazard assessment. At the same time to take effective preventive measures,improve the ventilation facilities,strength the air purification and convection and strength the employees individual protection.

关 键 词：陶瓷作业场所 粉尘 元素 

分 类 号：R115[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]