氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐粉粒剂杀钉螺效果  

Molluscicidal effect of niclosamide ethanolamine salt powder-granula against Oncomelania hupensis

作　　者：游本荣 黄轶昕[2,3] 胡恒光 杭德荣[2,3] 景世保 梅巧芳 

机构地区：[1]江苏省南京市六合区疾病预防控制中心,南京211500 [2]国家卫生计生委寄生虫病预防与控制技术重点实验室,江苏省寄生虫与媒介控制技术重点实验室,江苏省血吸虫病防治研究所 [3]江南大学公共卫生研究中心

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2016年第3期237-240,326,共5页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

基　　金：江苏省科技支撑--社会发展项目(BE2012621)

摘　　要：目的评价氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐粉粒剂杀钉螺效果。方法分别在实验室和滩涂湿地采用撒(喷)施法进行4%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐粉粒剂杀钉螺试验,同时以4%氯硝柳胺乙醇盐粉剂作对照,用单盲法进行质量控制。实验室试验比较两种杀螺剂对钉螺的校正死亡率和半数致死浓度(LC_(50));洲滩湿地现场试验比较钉螺校正死亡率和活螺密度下降率。结果实验室施药后1 d粉粒剂4.0 g/m^2钉螺死亡率为96.67%,粉剂2.0 g/m^2钉螺死亡率即达100%,各剂量组钉螺死亡率粉剂显著高于粉粒剂(t_(1d)=3.60,P<0.01);施药后1、3、7 d对钉螺的LC50值亦显示粉剂优于粉粒剂。现场试验施药后3、7、15、30 d粉粒剂组钉螺校正死亡率分别为91.71%、92.91%、90.57%和85.33%,粉剂组分别为71.09%、90.11%、90.13%和85.26%,经统计现场施药后3、7 d粉粒剂杀螺效果优于粉剂(x_(3d)~2=731.57,x_(7d)~2=25.90,P均<0.01);施药后15、30 d则无显著差异(x_(15d)~2=0.53,x_(30d)~2=0.01,P均>0.05)。结论 4%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐粉粒剂既具有粉剂的吸附性,又具有颗粒剂的穿透性,现场机械喷施杀螺效果与粉剂相当,但药粉漂移仍未有效控制,尚需进一步研究改进。Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of niclosamide ethanolamine salt powder-granula（PG）against Oncomelania hupensis. Methods The molluscicidal experiment was carried out by the dusting method with niclosamide ethanolamine salt 4% PG. The experiments were respectively done in the laboratory and the tidal flats wetlands. At the same time,the niclosamide ethanolamine salt 4% dustable powder（DP）was as the control group. The single blind method was used for the quality control. The corrected mortality and the median lethal concentration（LC50）were compared between PG and DP in the molluscicidal experiment of the laboratory. The corrected mortality and the reduced rate of snails＇ density were compared between PG and DP in the tidal flats wetlands. Results The mortality rates of the snails were 96.67% and 100% respectively on 1d after dusting 4.0 g/m^2 of 4% PG and 2.0 g/m^2 of 4% DP in the laboratory. The results showed that the mortality rates of the snails were higher with 4% DP than 4% PG in each dosage（t1d= 3.60,P〉0.01）. The LC50（s）of 1d,3 d,7 d after dusting the molluscicide also showed that the molluscicidal effects of DP were better than PG. The corrected mortality rates were 91.71%,92.91%,90.57%,85.33% and 71.09%,90.11%,90.13%,85.26% on 3 d,7 d,15 d,30 d after dusting with 4% PG and 4%DP,respectively,in the fields. Statistics showed that the mortality rates of snails were higher on 3 d,7 d after dusting with PG than DP（χ3d^2=731.57,χ7d^2= 25.90,P〈0.01）,but there were no significant differences between PG and DP on 15 d,30d after dusting（χ15d^2=0.53,χ30d^2= 0.01,P〉0.05）. Conclusions 4% PG has both the adsorption of powder and the penetrabilityof the granules. The molluscicidal effects of 4% PG and 4% DP are almost the same. However,the drift of the powder was still not effectively controlled. This problem need to be further studied.

关 键 词：氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐 粉粒剂 粉剂 漂移 钉螺 血吸虫病 滩涂湿地 

分 类 号：R383.24[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]