低聚季铵盐对聚驱采出水包油乳状液破乳机理  

Demulsification Mechanism of O/W Emulsion Containing Polymer using Oligomeric Quaternary Ammonium Salt

作　　者：吴亚[1,2] 陈世军[1] 陈刚[1] 徐家业[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安石油大学化学化工学院,陕西西安710065 [2]陕西师范大学化学化工学院,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《湖南大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第6期117-123,共7页Journal of Hunan University:Natural Sciences

基　　金：高等学校学科创新引智计划(B14041);国家自然科学基金资助项目(21571121;21376189);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2016JQ2040)~~

摘　　要：针对聚驱采出的高含水原油乳状液稳定性强、油水分离困难,采用瓶试法筛选出一类对含聚乳状液油水分离性能极好的破乳剂低聚季铵盐I,当I加量浓度为25mg/L时,55℃破乳进行到60min时,脱水率达96.5%,与常规的聚醚或多胺类破乳剂相比,乳状液脱出水色透明澄清,油水界面齐.通过光学显微镜、动态分析仪、接触角测量从微观和宏观分析研究了低聚季铵盐I对乳状液的作用机理.研究表明,相比常规的聚醚或多胺破乳剂,低聚季铵盐I对聚驱采出水包油乳状液油滴聚结速度更快;自由水层在油滴聚结分离区占主导作用的是不稳定机制,低聚季铵盐I使乳状液中油滴发生向上的迁移运动而非絮凝沉降,有利于脱出游离水的分离和水质的提高;接触角测量表明低聚铵盐I使乳状液处理的岩石表面转向水湿状态,对乳化膜的强润湿改变性能导致液膜破裂,油水分离.To address polymer flooding emulsion in high water cut crude oil demulsification and oil-water separation,the bottle test method for the screening of a class of polymer containing liquid oil-water separation was used and the oligomeric quaternary ammonium salt I was found to show excellent demulsification performance,When ammonium salt I was added with the concentration of 25mg/L,and the emulsion was demulsificated at 55℃for 60 min,the dehydration rate reached 96.5%.Compared with conventional polyether or polyamines demulsifiers,the quaternary ammonium salt I made the solution clearer and oil-water interface neater.The mechanism of the quaternary ammonium salt I affecting the emulsion was studied with optical microscope,dynamic analyzer and contact angle analyses.It was shown that free water in the oil droplet coalescence separation zone accounting for a leading role was instable and the emulsion oil droplet moved upward when oligomeric quaternary ammonium salt I was added to polymer flooding produced water.Being immersed,the solution of ammonium salt I on the surface of the pore core turned to water wet state.The result showed that changes of the interfacial wettability of the pore core on the membrane emulsification of strong dissolving capacity might lead to the rupture of the liquid film and oil-water separation.The contact angle measurement showed that the salt I of the liquid surface of the emulsion changed to water wet state,the strong wettability of the emulsion film was caused by the change of the film breakup,and the oil water was successfully separated.

关 键 词：低聚季铵盐 水包油乳状液 光学显微镜 稳定性分析 润湿性 

分 类 号：O647.2[理学—物理化学] TE357.46[理学—化学]