基于潮位观测的三亚湾海岸侵蚀遥感提取与分析  

Extraction and analysis of coastal erosion of Sanya Bay using remote sensing imagery and tide level data

作　　者：段依妮[1] 滕骏华[1] 蔡文博[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋环境预报中心,北京100081

出　　处：《海洋预报》2016年第3期57-64,共8页Marine Forecasts

基　　金：国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201205006)

摘　　要：为了研究20世纪90年代初期至今海南三亚湾的海岸侵蚀情况,基于潮位观测数据,采用遥感与GIS技术,提取了三亚湾1991、2013年两个时期的水边线位置变化信息,用于反映该时期海岸线的相对位置变化关系,完成海岸侵蚀信息提取。综合利用多种遥感指数、高分辨率遥感影像、人类活动记录等多源信息,对海岸侵蚀的原因进行了详细分析。理论分析结果表明:根据潮汐与农历日期的对应关系,选择农历日期最接近、成像时间差最小的遥感影像,能够有效消除潮汐对水边线位置的影响。实验结果表明:三亚湾的砂质海岸存在明显的侵蚀现象,海岸西段最大后退距离达45—60 m,中段最大后退距离达60 m,东段最大后退距离达30 m。分析结果表明:三亚湾海岸侵蚀受人类活动和自然因素的共同影响,海岸工程的建设、近岸原生植被的破坏是海岸侵蚀的重要原因,后续应更加合理开发与利用海岸线资源。In order to examine the coastal erosion of Sanya Bay since the beginning of 1990s, based on tide level observation data, the change of waterline locations of Sanya Bay was extracted respectively in 1991 and 2013 using the remote sensing and GIS methods. The change of waterline locations which reflects the relative change of coastline locations is used to extract the information of coastal erosion. The reasons of coastal erosion are analyzed in detail, using multi-sources information, such as remote sensing indexes, high-resolution remote sensing imagery, human activity records and so on. The theoretical analysis shows that according to the relationship between tide and lunar calendar, it can effectively eliminate the influence of tide on the waterline location by choosing imagery of similar data and imaging time. The experiment results show that there exists obvious coastal erosion in the sand coast of Sanya Bay. Some locations of the west coastline retreat up to 45 to 60 meters, the number are 60 meters for the middle coastline and 30 meters for the east coastline. The analysis represents that the coastal erosion of Sanya Bay is caused by both human activity and natural factors. The construction of coastal works and the destruction of inshore original vegetation are two important reasons for the coastal erosion. In the future, the coastal resources should be developed and used more scientifically.

关 键 词：潮位观测 三亚湾 海岸侵蚀 遥感监测 

分 类 号：P731.23[天文地球—海洋科学]