古丝绸之路上蚕桑丝织业的兴衰--对吐鲁番出土蚕桑丝织文献的新研究  

The Rise and Fall of Sericulture and Silk Industry on the Ancient Silk Road:A New Study of Sericulture and Silk Industry Documents Unearthed in Turpan

作　　者：乜小红[1] 丁君涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院、出土文献与传统经济研究所,武汉430072

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2016年第4期14-30,共17页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“丝绸之路出土各族契约文献整理及其与汉文契约的比较研究”(批准号:14ZDB030)阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：吐鲁番出土文献中,涉及蚕桑、丝织及绢帛的文献不少。本文对这些文献进行整合性研究,揭示出高昌郡及高昌王国前期是蚕桑丝织业的繁荣兴旺期,西方对绢帛的需求与晋末中原绢帛供给的中断,带给高昌发展蚕桑丝织业的机遇。高昌郡府鼓励植桑养蚕,管控大部分蚕桑户、织造户的生产,致力于丝绢的聚集和外销。麹氏高昌建国后,臣属于北魏,丝绸之路重开,中原丝织物的大量西输冲击了高昌丝绸绢帛市场,银币替代锦绢成为流通手段,使得高昌丝织业由盛转衰。唐灭高昌后的西州时期,中原先进技术生产出的丝织品源源西来,导致高昌蚕桑丝织业趋于萎缩,被緤布的生产所取代。历史背景的变迁,决定了高昌地区丝织业的兴衰。There are many Documents concerning Sericuhure and Silk unearthed in Turpan. This paper tries to uncover the reason why sericulture and silk industry thrived in Gaochang County and in the early Gaochang Kingdom. The western demand for silks and the stop of silk supply in late Jin Dynasty brings about the opportunity of sericuhure and industry development in Gaochang. Gaochang government encouraged Mulberry silkworms, controlled a large number of serieuhure and silk weaving households, with an effort to collect and sell silk abroad. When Qu Xing established Gaochang Kingdom（subjected to Beiwei Dynasty） , the silk road was restarted, so the silk produced by the Central Plains was rushed into the west, hit the silk market in Gaochang. Silver coin replaced silk as the currency, which changed Gaochang silk industry from wax to wane. After Tang Dynasty destroyed Gaochang, silk produced by advanced technology poured into the west, which caused the sericuhure and silk industry shrink, finally replaced by cotton cloth. The changes in historic backgrounds determine the rise and fall of the sericuhure and silk industry.

关 键 词：吐鲁番文献 蚕桑丝织业 织造户 

分 类 号：F429[经济管理—产业经济]