相关多样化、地方政府竞争与中国重化工业企业动态  

Related Variety, Local Government Competition and the Firm Dynamics of China's Heavy Chemical Industry

作　　者：黎斌[1,2] 贺灿飞[1,2] 周沂[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院,中国北京100871 [2]北京大学-林肯研究院城市发展与土地政策研究中心,中国北京100871

出　　处：《经济地理》2016年第6期91-99,共9页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委国家杰出青年基金项目(41425001);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41271130)

摘　　要：集聚经济和地方制度是影响企业动态的重要因素。演化经济地理学用相关多样化考察集聚经济外部性影响,保护市场的联邦主义和官员晋升锦标赛理论则从地方政府竞争的视角考察地方制度对经济增长的影响。考虑到中国重化工业的特殊性,文章考察相关多样化、地方政府竞争与重化工业企业动态的关系。通过时空特征描述,发现重化工业企业动态具有空间集中特征,其进入、退出、成长和衰退分布格局具有相似性。实证结果表明,重化工业企业动态同时受到相关多样化导致的路径依赖和地方政府竞争导致的路径创造的影响,相关多样化和为GDP而竞争显著促进了企业进入和企业增长,显著减少了企业退出和企业衰退。为GDP而竞争通过改善市场经济环境和提高城市化水平强化了相关多样化对企业动态的作用,而政府补贴则因为扭曲市场经济和选择性补贴弱化了相关多样化对企业动态的作用。Agglomeration economy and local institution are important factors affecting the firm dynamics. Evolutionary economic geography has used agglomeration externalities to investigate the influence of institution on economic growth from the perspective of local government competition. Considering the nature of China＇ s heavy chemical industry, this article examines the influence of related variety and local government competition on the firm dynamics of heavy chemical industry. Through the description of spatial and temporal characteristics, this article finds that the firm dynamics have the characteristics of spatial concentration, and the distribution pattern of its entry, exit, growth and decline is similar. The empirical results show that the firm dynamics of heavy chemical industry is influenced by the path dependence caused by related variety and local government competition caused by GDP tournament competition. Related variety and the competition for GDP promote the firm entry and firm growth and lower the firm exit and firm decline. Through improving the environment of market economy and the level of urbanization, the competition for GDP has strengthened the influence of related variety on the finn dynamics, while the government subsidy has weakened the influence of related variety on the firm dynamics through distorting the market economy and selective subsidy.

关 键 词：地方政府竞争 重化工业 相关多样化 企业动态 演化经济地理学 

分 类 号：F416[经济管理—产业经济]