生物肥对蓝莓光合生理特性及品质的影响  

Effects of Bio-fertilizer on the Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics and Quality of Blueberry

作　　者：孙运杰[1] 马海林[2] 刘方春[2] 孙蕾[2] 刘春生[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,泰安271018 [2]山东省林业科学研究院山东省森林植被生态修复工程技术研究中心

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2016年第6期36-40,共5页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项(201204402);农业科技成果转化资金项目;山东省科技重大专项(新兴产业)(2015ZDXX0502B02)

摘　　要：以从蓝莓根际土壤中筛选出的纺锤芽孢杆菌(Bacillus fusiformis)作为主要菌株,复配成蓝莓液体菌剂(P),以发酵鸡粪(OF)作为吸附载体,制成生物有机肥(PF),研究了PF、P和OF对蓝莓光合生理特性(气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性)及果实品质的影响。结果表明,施肥能改善蓝莓的光合性能、抗氧化酶系统活性及蓝莓果实品质,但不同处理之间差异很大。同对照(CK)相比,处理PF、OF的光合速率(P_n)分别显著提高了39.23%、32.58%;处理PF的蒸腾速率(T_r)比P、CK显著下降了20.40%、23.54%,但与OF的差异不显著。施肥显著提高了PSⅡ的最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、实际光化学效率(Ф_(PSⅡ))、光化学猝灭系数(q_P),降低了非光化学猝灭系数(q_N),其中PF作用最显著。处理PF的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于其它3个处理。施肥显著提高了蓝莓的花青苷质量分数和w(可溶性固形物)∶w(可滴定酸),降低了可滴定酸质量分数,但对可溶性固溶物和可溶性糖质量分数的影响不显著,其中PF的提高或降低作用最显著,OF和P的Vc质量分数比PF显著降低了37.77%和23.84%。可知,以纺锤芽孢杆菌为主的生物有机肥和液体菌剂可不同程度地提高蓝莓的光合性能和蓝莓的抗氧化能力,显著改善蓝莓的品质,以生物有机肥的形式施用效果最佳。Bacillus fusiformis as the main strain was selected from rhizophere soil of Blueberry by biological assay. A plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria（ PGPR） liquid inoculants（ P） was compounded of the PGPR and other strain. PGPR biological organic fertilizer（ PF） was made by compounding the P and chicken manure（ OF）. The effect of PF,P and OF on the photosynthetic physiological characteristics（ Gas exchange parameter,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,and antioxidant enzyme activity） and quality in Blueberry was evaluated. The fertilization（ PF,OF,P） improved photosynthetic properties,antioxidant enzyme activity,and quality of Blueberry,but there were great differences between PF,P,and P treatments. Compared with CK,PF and OF could significantly increase the photosynthetic rate（ Pn） by 39.23% and 32.58%.Compared with P and CK treatment,PF could significantly decrease the transpiration rate（ Tr） by 20.40% and 23.54%,and PF and OF had no significant difference. Fertilization significantly increased the maximal photochemical efficiency（ Fv/Fm） of PSⅡ,actual photochemical efficiency（ ФPSⅡ） and photochemical quenching（ qP）,and significantly decreased non-photochemical quenching（ qN）. The most significant function of increase and decrease displayed in PF,then followed by the sequence of P and OF. There was significantly higher catalase activity in PF than in others treatments. Fertilization significantly increased the mass fraction of anthocyanin and the ratio of sugar to acid,decreased the mass fraction of titratable acid,but had no significant difference in soluble sugar and soluble solids. And the most significant function of increase and decrease displayed in PF. Compared with PF,OF and P could significantly decrease the content of vitamin C by 37.77% and 23. 84%,respectively. Consequently,microbiological fertilizer,which was mainly to Bacillus fusiformis,could improve photosynthetic properties in different degrees,significantly increase antioxidant enzyme activity,

关 键 词：生物肥 气体交换参数 叶绿素荧光参数 抗氧化酶活性 品质 蓝莓 

分 类 号：S144.1[农业科学—肥料学]