高寒草原群落特征对甘肃马鹿冬季放牧的响应  

The response of plant community characteristics of alpine steppe to the winter grazing of Gansu wapiti

作　　者：胡俊奇[1] 陈先江[1] 侯扶江[1] 

机构地区：[1]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2016年第6期1028-1034,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT13019);国家自然科学基金(31172249);国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD13B05)

摘　　要：在肃南裕固族自治县甘肃马鹿(Cervus elaphus kansuensis)冬季牧场,采用巢式样方法调查草地植被群落特征随放牧压力变化的响应,揭示马鹿在放牧系统中的地位和功能,对保护、恢复与重建退化放牧草地生态系统具有重要作用。结果表明,株高<10cm物种的密度、盖度、地上现存量占总密度、总盖度、地上总现存量的比例均随放牧率增大而增大,并与放牧率呈线性相关。凋落物枯黄期(10月中旬)最多,凋落物量与放牧率呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。放牧促进植物个体小型化,一定放牧率内,物种丰富度随放牧强度增大而降低,且与植物个体小型化有复杂的互作关系。The nest-style method was used to investigate the response of plant community characteristics to grazing pressure to analyze the position and function of wapiti in the grazing system in the winter pasture of Gansu wapiti in Sunan Yugu National Autonomous County where wapiti has an important effect on protecting,restoring and reconstructing of degenerated grassland ecosystem.This study showed that the plant density,coverage and aboveground biomass increased with the increase of grazing intensity,and they were a linear positive correlation with grazing rate when plant height was below 10 cm.The plant litter biomass reached a peak in wither period（middle October）,and it had a significant negative correlation with the grazing rate.The grazing made the plant miniaturization,and the species richness had a decrease trend with the increasing grazing intensity under given grazing rate.A complex interaction relationship between grazing intensity and plant miniaturization was observed in this study.

关 键 词：高寒草原 放牧率 个体小型化 物种丰富度 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]