巢湖主要湖口水体和表层沉积物中有机氯农药的残留特征及风险评价  

Characteristics and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides in water and surface sediment from main estuaries of Chaohu Lake

作　　者：姜珊[1] 孙丙华[1] 徐彪[1] 吴唤玲[1] 李进华[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽大学资源与环境工程学院,合肥230601 [2]合肥师范学院生命科学学院,合肥230601

出　　处：《环境化学》2016年第6期1228-1236,共9页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家重大仪器专项(2012YQ22011308):湿地典型持久有机污染物检测(子课题八);安徽大学研究生学术创新研究项目(yqh100294)资助~~

摘　　要：为了解巢湖湖口有机氯农药的污染状况,采集8个主要湖口的水体和沉积物样品,水样采用C18固相富集,沉积物用加速溶剂萃取仪提取后,萃取液浓缩、净化后,微量浓缩,用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析测定21种有机氯农药.结果表明,研究区水体和表层沉积物中OCPs总量范围分别为40.1—87.7 ng·L^(-1)和11—26.3 ng·g^(-1),HCHs和DDTs为主要污染物,约占79.9%和65.1%.水体中OCPs含量从高到低依次为:南淝河>十五里河>双桥河>派河>裕溪河>杭埠河>大柘皋河>小柘皋河;表层沉积物中OCPs含量从高到低依次为:十五里河>双桥河>南淝河>裕溪河>派河>大柘皋河>杭埠河>小柘皋河.OCPs污染水平表现为城市污染控制型河流高于水土保持和面源污染控制型河流.根据组成物质成分比例关系进行源解析,发现水体和沉积物中HCHs和DDTs主要来自于早期农药蓄积残留,且降解环境以好氧为主.与国内其他湖泊对比,巢湖OCPs污染处于中等偏低水平.水体中HCHs、DDTs和六氯苯均未超过地表水环境质量标准,但表层沉积物中有机氯农药存在一定的生态风险.In order to assess contamination by organochlorine pesticides（ OCPs） from the main estuaries of Chaohu Lake,we collected both water and surface sediment samples in 8 estuaries. We used C18 solid phase extraction for water samples and accelerated solvent extraction for surface sediment, respectively, for further liquid concentration, purification, trace enrichment.Accordingly,we analyzed 21 OCPs using chromatography and mass spetrometry. The results showed that,the totals concentration of OCPs ranged from 40.1 ng·L^（-1）to 87.7 ng·L^（-1）in water samples and from 11 ng·g^（-1）to 26. 3 ng·g^（-1）dry weight in surface sediments samples,respectively. The main components were HCHs and DDTs,accounting for 79.9% and 65.1%. The content of OCPs in water sample was highest in Nanfei River,and decreased from Shiwuli River,Shuangqiao River,Pai River,Yuxi River,Hangbu River,Big Zhegao River,to Small Zhegao River. However,the content of OCPs in surface sediment sample was highest in Shiwuli River,and decreased from ShuangqiaoRiver,Nanfei River,Yuxi River,Pai River,Big Zhegao River,Hangbu River,to Small Zhegao River. The results indicated that,generally,the OCPs content in urban pollution river was higher than soil and water conservation and non-piont source pollution river. Furthermore,the distributions of HCHs and DDTs components analysis implied that HCHs and DDTs in the study areas might derive from the aged and weathered agricultural soils,especially under aerobic conditions. Compared with other studies,OCPs in Chaohu Lake are in a medium or low level. Although either HCHs,DDTs or HCB in surface waters did not exceed the standard of water environment quality,OCPs in the surface sediment have potential ecological risks.

关 键 词：巢湖 有机氯农药(OCPs) 水体 沉积物 残留特征 风险评价 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X824