汽修企业喷漆作业职业卫生状况调查及风险评估  

Occupational Health Status and Risk Assessment on Spray Painting Operation in the Automobile Repair Industry

作　　者：任迎娣[1] 于久愿[1] 李海生[1] 方丽艳[1] 熊依杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心,北京100094

出　　处：《职业卫生与病伤》2016年第3期129-132,共4页Occupational Health and Damage

摘　　要：目的调查北京市海淀区汽车修理行业喷漆作业的职业卫生现状,并进行风险评估。方法通过现场调查及职业病危害因素检测了解20家汽修喷漆作业职业卫生状况,采用风险评价方法 MES法进行风险评估。结果随机抽取的8家4S店及12家修理厂中,对10种职业病危害因素进行检测,4S店及修理厂各有1个岗位二甲苯浓度超标,超标率分别为6.3%和9.1%,P>0.05;两类企业职业病危害因素检测浓度差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);对企业2012-2014年职业健康检查调查发现,4S店异常检出率7.9%,修理厂检出率3.6%,P>0.05;4S店的职业卫生管理情况多优于修理厂,P<0.05;所有喷漆岗位职业病危害风险水平为四级(一般危险),调漆岗位为三级(显著危险)。结论应加强对修理厂的职业卫生管理工作的监督检查,重视调漆岗位的职业病防护措施的设置。Objective To investigate the occupational health status of spray painting operation in the automobile repair industry in Haidian District and perform risk assessment. Methods The occupational health status of spray painting operation in automobile repair industry in 20 enterprises was understood by field investigation and occupational hazard analysis; risk assessment was performed by MES method. Results Ten occupational hazards in eight auto 4S shops and 12 garages randomly selected were determined. The xylene concentration was beyond the standard in one post in 4S shops and auto garages each,and the over- standard rates were6. 3% and 9. 1%（ P〉0. 05）,respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the two types of enterprises in terms of concentrations of occupational hazards（ P〉0. 05）. Investigation of occupational health examination over 2012 to 2014 indicated the abnormality detection rate was 7. 9% in 4S shops and 3. 6% in garages（ P〉0. 05）. The occupational health management status in 4S shops was better than in garages（ P〈0. 05）. The occupational hazard risk levels of spraying painting posts and paint mixing posts were IV（ general risk） and Ⅲ（ significant risk）,respectively. Conclusion Supervision and inspection of occupational health management in automobile repair industry should be enhanced,and attention should be paid to establishment of occupational disease prevention measures for paint mixing posts.

关 键 词：汽修企业 喷漆作业 风险评估 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]