新的水沙和河道调整条件下黄河下游宽河道的改造  

River regulation on lower reach of the Yellow River under new conditions of water,sediment and fluvial processes

作　　者：潘贤娣[1] 张晓华[1] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2016年第3期53-60,共8页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：黄河下游河道改造与滩区治理研究(201401002);对口丁坝方案整治河宽及对不同河段河道冲淤的影响(HKY-JBYW-2014-15)

摘　　要：黄河下游治理方略的制订事关国家大局,各时期的方略是伴随着社会经济发展而改变的。现行的宽河道治理原则与制订时黄河大水大沙的特征是符合的,发挥了防洪的重大作用。近期黄河流域水沙和河道等基本条件发生了巨大变化,泥沙大量减少、防洪形势有所缓解,同时下游滩区社会经济也提出了更高的发展需求。以现阶段研究成果为基础,提出了改造下游宽河道的设想,建议建设高村以上主槽宽度不小于1 000 m、河槽宽度在4~5 km的防护堤以排泄8 000~10 000 m3/s以下的洪水,保障中常洪水不漫滩,同时保留现大堤以抵御更大洪水。初步分析表明,宽河道改造后对艾山以下窄河道以及河口延伸的影响都不大,但是过渡段高村、孙口的水位上升较大。成果仅为宏观的分析,建议进一步开展系统的研究,为黄河的治理开发提供科技支撑。The management strategy of the lower reach of the Yellow River is very important. The strategy of each period has also changed by social and economic development. Current wide channel management principle and formulation is in accordance with the characteristics of water and sediment of the Yellow River,which plays a significant role of flood control. Recently,the basic conditions of water,sediment and river channel of the Yellow River Basin has undergone tremendous changes,including a significant reduction of sediment,relieve situation of flood control,and higher socio-economic development of the downstream floodplain districts. Under this background,the basic idea of reforming its wide channel based on the current research results is suggested. A dike should be built above Gaocun,with a main channel width larger than 1 000 m,and a river width about 4 ~ 5 km for medium flood. The dike will discharge floods under 8 000 ~ 10 000 m3/ s,toavoidthe average frequent floods overbank. The existing flood levee will control more floods. Preliminary analysis shows that the influence of transformation of wide channel to the narrow channel under Aishan and estuarine extension will not be large,but the water levels of Gaocun and Sunkou will be increased significantly. Results in this paper are only macroscopic analysis. We recommend for further systematic research to provide scientific support for the management and development of the Yellow River.

关 键 词：河道改造 河道宽度 泥沙输送 黄河下游 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]