6个蓝莓品种花粉特性和花粉育性的比较  

Comparison of pollen characteristics and fertility of six cultivars of blueberry

作　　者：朱江华[1,2,3] 吕芳德[1,2,3] 王森[1,2,3] 郭雨帆 姜寒冰[1,2,3] 黄梦真[1,2,3] 常双双[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410004 [2]中南林业科技大学经济林育种与栽培国家林业局重点实验室,湖南长沙410004 [3]中南林业科技大学经济林培育与利用湖南省协同创新中心,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《经济林研究》2016年第2期101-108,共8页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目"经济林高效生产关键技术研究与示范"(2013BAD14B00)

摘　　要：为了探究湖南蓝莓引种区不同品种的花器形体特征及花粉生活力,从而为南方地区蓝莓引种栽培和授粉树的配置提供参考依据,采用纤维素酶溶解法、联苯胺染色法和离体培养等技术,对‘莱格西’、‘布里吉塔’、‘夏普蓝’、‘密斯梯’、‘粉蓝’、‘梯芙蓝’等6个蓝莓品种的花粉特性、花粉量、花粉生活力、花粉萌发率等进行了比较研究。测定结果表明:1蓝莓花粉量在各品种间存在差异,‘莱格西’、‘布里吉塔’、‘夏普蓝’、‘密斯梯’、‘粉蓝’、‘梯芙蓝’的花粉数依次为162、250、178、166、141、170粒/花药,其中‘布里吉塔’的花粉数量最多,‘夏普蓝’次之,‘粉蓝’最少;2蓝莓花粉生活力在各品种中存在差异,‘莱格西’、‘布里吉塔’、‘夏普蓝’、‘密斯梯’、‘粉蓝’、‘梯芙蓝’的花粉生活力依次为30.87%、26.79%、31.34%、23.83%,18.80%、24.83%,其中‘夏普蓝’的花粉活力最大,‘莱格西’次之,‘粉蓝’最小;3 6个蓝莓品种花粉萌发所需的最适蔗糖浓度不尽相同,‘莱格西’、‘布里吉塔’、‘密斯梯’在蔗糖浓度为10%时其花粉萌发率均最高,依次为25.60%、9.10%、27.20%;当蔗糖浓度为15%时,‘夏普蓝’、‘粉蓝’、‘梯芙蓝’3个蓝莓品种的萌发率均达到最高值,依次为26.20%、21.20%、61.40%;4 6个蓝莓品种中,‘夏普蓝’花粉萌发所需的最适硼酸浓度为300μg·L-1,而其他5个品种花粉萌发的最佳硼酸浓度均为200μg·L-1;5 6个蓝莓品种花粉萌发所需的最适培养温度均为25℃。研究结果表明:6个蓝莓品种中,‘莱格西’和‘夏普蓝’均较适合用作授粉植株,其花粉量和花粉萌发率均较高。In order to explore flower shape feature and compare pollen viability of different cultivars of blueberry at the blueberry introduction areas of Hunan, and to provide a basis for introduction, cultivation and arranging cultivars for pollination in the southern region of China, the differences of characteristics, number, viability, germination rate and other aspects of pollens in the six cultivars were compared and studied by using cellulose dissolution method, staining method and in vitro culture techniques, including ＇Legacy＇, ＇Brigitta＇, ＇Sharpblue＇, ＇Misty＇, ＇Powderblue＇, and ＇Tifblue＇, which were suitable to plant at the southern areas. The results showed that： ① Pollen number of the cultivars had some differences. The pollen number of ＇Legacy＇, ＇Brigitta＇, ＇Sharpblue＇, ＇Misty＇, ＇Powderblue＇, and ＇Tifblue＇ respectively was 162, 250, 178, 166, 141, 170 grains per anther, number of ＇Brigitta＇ pollens was the largest, ＇Sharpblue＇ was the second, and ＇Powderblue＇ was the least; ② Pollen viability of the cultivars has some differences. The pollen viability of the six cultivars respectively was 30.87%, 26.79%, 31.34%, 23.83%, 18.80%, 24.83%, pollen viability of ＇Brigitta＇ was the largest, ＇Sharpblue＇ was the second, and ＇Powderblue＇ was the least; ③ The optimum sucrose concentrations for pollen germination of the six cultivars were different. The pollen germination rates of ＇Legacy＇ （25.60%）, ＇Brigitta＇ （9.10%） and ＇Misty＇ （27.20%） were the highest, when the sucrose concentration was 10%. The pollen germination rate of ＇Sharpblue＇（26.20%）, ＇Powderblue＇（21.20%） and ＇Tifblue＇ （61.40%） were highest, when the sucrose concentration was 15%; ④ The optimum concentration of boric acid for pollen germination of ＇sharpblue＇ was 300 μg/L, while the optimal concentration for the other cultivars was 200 μg/L; ⑤ The optimum cultivation temperature for pollen germination of the six cultivars wa

关 键 词：蓝莓 花粉 花粉量 花粉生活力 花粉萌发率 

分 类 号：S663[农业科学—果树学]