云南省玉溪地区昆虫线虫资源分布调查及应用初探  

Distribution and application of entomogenous nematodes in Yuxi district,Yunnan Province

作　　者：吴林林[1] 陈龙飞[1] 白光瑛 王孝莹[1] 徐华[1] 张立猛[2] 赵进龙[2] 李林燕 赵念席[1] 谷星慧[2] 阮维斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学生命科学学院,天津300071 [2]云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司,云南玉溪653100 [3]玉溪红塔烟草劳动服务有限责任公司,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2016年第3期618-627,共10页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省烟草公司科技计划项目(2014YN21);天津市自然基金重点项目(10JCZDJC7700);天津市成果转化项目(201001230)

摘　　要：昆虫线虫尤其是昆虫病原线虫可以部分替代化学农药防治有害昆虫。本文通过大蜡螟诱捕法对云南省玉溪市8县1区的昆虫线虫资源进行了调査。从270份土壤样品中分别得到57个昆虫线虫样本,分属于4个属,包括小杆科Rhabditidae的3个属,双胃科Diplogasteridae的1个属。结果表明,线虫的分布与土壤类型和植被类型密切相关,砂壤土、壤土中线虫检出率分别为100.0%、19.9%,较粘土12.1%的检出率高。在未受干扰的地块(林地和未耕地)线虫检出率为20.4%,受人类干扰的地块(烟田和农田)线虫检出率为16.1%,说明砂壤土和壤土适合昆虫线虫种群的建立,且在人活动较少的地块中线虫分布较多。用本土线虫在实验室条件下利用大蜡螟和蛴螬(棕色鳃金龟幼虫)对分离到的线虫进行致病力测定,结果表明:YN43(Oscheius sp.2)是大蜡螟最敏感的昆虫线虫品系,校正死亡率为76%;YN93(Oscheius sp.1)对蛴螬致病力最强,校正死亡率为54.5%,在防治云南地下害虫蛴螬方面具有很大的潜力。Entomogenous nematodes,especially entomopathogenic neamtodes can control various soil-borne and leaf canopy insect pests as safer alternatives to pesticides. In the present study,Galleria mellonella bait technology was employed to investigate the distribution of entomogenous nematodes in Yuxi district,Yunnan Province,China. Entomogenous nematodes was found in 57 of 270 collected soil samples,belonging to4 genera isolated from soil samples,among which 3 in Rhabditidae and 1 in Diplogasteridae. The results showed that the occurrence of nematodes was closely related to soil types and vegetation types,with the recovery rates 100. 0%,19. 9%,12. 1% in sandy-loam,loam and clay,respectively. The recovery rate was 20. 4% in non-cultivated lands（ woodland and untilled land） and 16. 1% in cultivated lands（ tobaccofield and other crop farm Lands）. It indicated that sandy-loam and loam soil was suitable for the population establishment of entomogenous nematodes,and entomogenous nematodes had high incidence in the natural area. YN43（ Oscheius sp. 2） had the highest virulence to Galleria mellonella,with the corrected mortality was 76%; YN93（ Oscheius sp. 1） had the highest corrected mortality 54. 5% of white grub（ Holotrichia titanis Reitter）,indicating their great potentiality to control white grub in Yunnan Province.

关 键 词：昆虫线虫 分布 大蜡螟 棕色鳃金龟 生物防治 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学] S476.15[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]