害螨胁迫对富士苹果叶片细胞超微结构及游离脯氨酸含量的影响  

Influences of Pest Mite Stress on Cell Ultrastructure and Free Proline Content of Fuji Apple Leaves

作　　者：张坤鹏[1,2] 孙瑞红[1] 杨洪强[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000 [2]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2016年第6期36-41,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103020)

摘　　要：为明确山楂叶螨、二斑叶螨和苹果全爪螨胁迫对富士苹果叶片细胞超微结构及山楂叶螨胁迫对叶片游离脯氨酸含量的影响,利用透射电镜观察了上述3种害螨取食6 d时叶片细胞超微结构的变化,并采用酸性茚三酮法测定了游离脯氨酸含量。结果显示,正常苹果叶片细胞呈长方形,大小相近,细胞排列整齐,细胞质中细胞器分布有序,细胞界限清晰;细胞内叶绿体数量较多,呈船形,紧贴细胞壁分布;细胞核呈长椭圆形,核仁和核膜清晰可见;细胞膜和细胞壁完整,相邻细胞壁界限明显。叶片被害螨刺吸为害后,叶肉细胞内部结构严重受损,细胞间隙增大,叶绿体和细胞核变形,叶绿体内有淀粉粒出现,严重影响细胞功能。山楂叶螨为害后的细胞壁上出现针状结晶沉淀物。山楂叶螨刺吸取食过程中,苹果叶片内游离脯氨酸含量随受害时间延长和螨口密度提高总体呈先升后降的趋势。害螨为害可破坏苹果叶片细胞超微结构,导致细胞功能丧失,抗逆性物质游离脯氨酸含量的升高表明苹果叶片对山楂叶螨取食的对抗。To explore the effects of Tetranychus viennensis,Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi on cell ultrastructure and Tetranychus viennensis on free proline content of Fuji apple leaves,the cell ultrastructure changes of leaves infested by 3 kinds of pest mites for 6 days were observed with transmission electron microscope,and the free proline content was determined using acid ninhydrin method. The results showed that,in the normal Fuji apple leaves,the cells presented rectangle with clear border and arranged in line with the similar size. The organelles distributed orderly in cytoplasm. There were many boat shaped chloroplasts scattered along cell wall. The nucleus presented long elliptic with clear nucleoli and karyotheca. The cell membrane and wall were intact,and the walls between adjacent cells were clearly viewed. The cell structure of Fuji apple leaves were seriously destroyed after infestation of pest mites. The intercellular space increased,the changes of chloroplasts and nucleus were also observed,and the starch granules appeared inner the chloroplasts,so the cell functions were severely affected. The needle crystal was observed near the cell wall of Fuji apple leaves infested by Tetranychus viennensis. The free proline content increased firstly and then decreased on the whole withthe increase of time and population density of Tetranychus viennensis. Above all,the pest mite harms would destroy the cell ultrastructure of Fuji apple leaves,which further caused cell function loss,and the increase of free proline content indicated the confrontation of Fuji apple leaves to feeding of Tetranychus viennensis.

关 键 词：富士苹果 山楂叶螨 二斑叶螨 苹果全爪螨 细胞超微结构 游离脯氨酸 

分 类 号：S661.103.4[农业科学—果树学]