甘草对新疆盐碱地土壤理化性质及土壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of Glycyrrhiza Inflata on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Soil Enzymatic Activities of Xinjiang Saline-alkali Land

作　　者：吴振振[1] 马淼[2] 张旭龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学生命科学学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]石河子大学甘草研究所,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《农学学报》2016年第6期24-29,共6页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"高盐环境下乌拉尔甘草叶片气孔泌盐与光合气体交换的利益冲突与权衡策略的研究"(31360047);石河子大学重大科技攻关项目"高盐环境下乌拉尔甘草叶片气孔泌盐与光合气体交换的利益冲突与权衡策略的研究"(gxjs2012-zdgg06)

摘　　要：选取尉犁县塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘盐碱荒漠为试验区,研究胀果甘草生长发育过程中盐碱地土壤理化性质及土壤酶活性的变化以及二者之间的相关性,旨在探讨栽培甘草对盐碱地土壤性质的影响,为干旱区盐碱荒漠的改良和利用提供科学依据。结果表明:栽培胀果甘草可使盐碱土壤得到有效改良。随着种植年限的增加,土壤中全氮、碱解氮及有机质等养分的含量均显著提高;土壤速效磷的含量显著降低。土壤含水量在甘草种植第3年时比裸地土壤增加271%;种植甘草后,土壤p H及电导率均显著降低;土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶随种植年限的增加成递增趋势。简单相关分析表明,脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶3种酶之间以及3种酶与土壤理化因子之间均有极显著的相关关系;从回归分析得出的3个方程可知,土壤含水量对以上3种土壤酶活性起着主导作用,可以通过提高土壤含水量进一步影响土壤的酶活性。由此可见,在新疆盐碱荒漠种植胀果甘草可有效改善土壤理化性质,降低土壤含盐量,并且能够显著提高土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶的活性,从而达到改良盐碱土的效果。In this study, saline land in Yuli County in the Takelamagan Desert of Xinjiang was selected as theresearch object to analyze the variation of soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzymatic activitiesand their inter- relationship with the growth and development process of Glycyrrhiza inflata, in order toinvestigate the effect of Glycyrrhiza Inflata planting on soil properties and provide a scientific basis for theimprovement and utilization of the arid area. The results showed that saline-alkali land could be effectivelyimproved by the cultivation of Glycyrrhiza inflata. With the increase of cultivation years, the contents of totalnitrogen, available nitrogen and organic matter in soil were significantly increased, while the content ofavailable phosphorus in soil was significantly decreased. Compared with that of bare land（CK）, soil watercontent of saline- alkali land was increased by 271% in the third year; soil p H and electrical conductivitydecreased significantly after the planting of Glycyrrhiza Inflata. The activities of soil urease, phosphatase andsucrose showed an increasing tendency with the increase of planting years. The results of simple correlationanalysis showed that there were significant correlations among soil urease, phosphatase and sucrose, and thosethree enzymes and soil physical and chemical factors. The regression formulas indicated that the activities ofsoil enzymes were dominated by soil water content, and the enzymatic activities could be increased by theincrease of soil water content. The planting of Glycyrrhiza Inflata in the salinization desert in Xinjiang couldimprove soil physical and chemical properties, and significantly increase the activities of soil urease,phosphatase and sucrose, thus to improve the saline-alkali soil.

关 键 词：甘草 土壤理化性质 酶活性 

分 类 号：S567.71[农业科学—中草药栽培]