盐分对胡杨(Populus euphratica)幼苗生长和离子平衡的影响  

Effect of salinity on growth,ionic homeostasis in organs of Populus euphratica seedlings

作　　者：李菊艳[1,2] 赵成义 闫映宇 于波 施枫芝 

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区水土保持生态环境监测总站,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [2]新疆农科院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区水文水资源局,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [4]新疆生态与地理研究所绿洲生态与荒漠环境重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2016年第3期613-620,共8页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：青年科学基金项目(41401025);国家自然基金项目(41371011,U1403281);973项目(2013CB429905)

摘　　要：基于控制试验研究了盐分(Na Cl)处理60 d对胡杨(Populus euphratica)幼苗生长和各器官矿质离子吸收、分布和运输的影响。结果表明:(1)盐分对幼苗生长有显著的抑制作用。与对照相比,轻度(50 mol·L^(-1))、中度(100 mol·L^(-1))和重度(200 mol·L^(-1))盐分处理的幼苗株高生长速率、叶面积及各器官生物量分别减小了约30%、50%和80%。幼苗通过改变生物量分配策略,提高根冠比增加对资源的获取和减少体内水分散失,以增强其耐盐性。(2)盐分改变了幼苗对离子的选择性吸收和运输。与对照相比,各盐分处理显著提高了幼苗器官对Na^+和Cl-的吸收,抑制了Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)和K^+由根向茎、茎向叶选择性运输、降低了幼苗器官对Ca^(2+),K^+,Mg^(2+)的吸收,导致器官离子平衡遭到破坏。幼苗将较多的Na^+积累在叶片,增大了地上和地下的渗透势差,这是胡杨幼苗抵御盐分胁迫的一个有效方式。(3)重度盐胁迫下幼苗增强对Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)和K^+的选择性运输,避免高盐胁迫对幼苗更大的伤害。Populus euphratica, as the dominant species of the riparian forest along the Tarim River, northwest China, plays an important role in maintaining functions of the riparian ecosystem. Recent embankments along the river have altered the soil salinity condition due to water use by human or climate change, which is expected to influence regeneration of the riparian forest. To assess the potential effects of these alterations and elucidate the adaptation and endurance of P. euphratica seedlings to salinity stress, the paper examined growth performance, ionic distribution and transportation of P. euphratica seedlings across experimental soil salinity gradients.Results indicated that seedlings were limited in their growth performance, as evidenced by decreases height growth rates, leaf area and biomass across the salinity gradients. The height growth rate values in moderate （100 mol·L^-1） and severe （200 mol·L^-1） salinity stress achieved of approximately 50% and 20% respectively, in relation to control. In the same level of salt concentration, the order of ionic content in seedling was leaf 〉 root 〉 stem, leaf was the main part of ionic accumulation. Increasing salinity stress significantly elevated Na＋ content and Cl- content in root and shoot tissues （stem＋leaf） of P. euphratica seedlings, while K^＋, Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋ contents showed reverse trends. Similar patterns as K^＋ content were also observed across soil salinity gradients in K^＋/Na^＋, Ca^2＋/Na^＋, Mg^2＋/Na^＋ ratio of root and shoot. The significant decrease of SK, Na, SCa, Na and SMg, Na of mild （50 mol·L^-1） and moderate （100 mol·L^-1） salinity stress, and the transport and absorption of nutrients were inhibited. Under severe （200 mol·L^-1） salinity stress condition, a marked drop of K＋ content in root and shoot tissues upon salt accumulation and a third of K^＋/Na^＋ ratio of seedlings those under control conditions suggests that decreasing osmotic pressure of seedling, and the seedlings suffered the

关 键 词：胡杨幼苗 盐处理 离子平衡 离子分布和选择性运输 

分 类 号：S792.11[农业科学—林木遗传育种]