湖北省武汉市疟疾流行概况与防治历程及消除措施评价  

Summary and evaluation on epidemiological situation, preventive procedure and elimination of malaria in Wuhan City,Hubei

作　　者：杨燕[1] 徐明星[1] 吴凯[1] 周水茂[1] 王重新[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉市疾病预防控制中心,湖北武汉430015

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2016年第6期523-527,532,共6页China Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解武汉市疟疾流行概况与防治历程,总结评价武汉市消除疟疾工作成效,为调整防治策略提供科学依据。方法对武汉市1953—2015年疟疾防治疫情数据、报表、文件、工作计划、防治策略与措施等资料进行描述性分析和总结,根据国家卫生计生委《消除疟疾考核评估方案(2014年版)》,从保障措施、技术措施、防控效果3个方面对消除疟疾工作进行评估。结果疟疾曾是危害武汉市人民健康的重要寄生虫病,建国后曾有过三次较大面积的流行,1976年发病率612.99/10万,为有疫情数据记载的历史最高峰。全市防治工作经历调查摸底、维持防治、控制流行、巩固监测和消除疟疾5个阶段。消除阶段(2010—2015年)武汉市加强组织领导,保障经费到位,注重队伍建设,健全监测网络,落实防控措施,疟原虫血检231 125人,年度血检数平均达到总人口3‰以上,区级血片复核率为5.28%,年报告发病率均控制在0.8/10万以下,2010年报告的最后1例本地感染病例及之后全部302例输入性病例均得到及时有效处置。媒介监测发现远城区农户和牲畜棚仍有较低密度的传疟媒介中华按蚊。结论武汉市经过多年防治,已连续5年无本地感染病例,达到消除疟疾标准。巩固工作重点是加强输入性疟疾监测,防止引起继发传播。Objective To understand the malaria epidemiological situation and preventive procedure in Wuhan City andassess the effect of the measures in malaria elimination, so as to provide the evidence for adjusting control strategies. Methods The data of malaria control in Wuhan from 1953 to 2015, such as reports, documents, work plans, strategies and measures, werecollected and descriptively analyzed. According to The Evaluation Programe of Elimination of Malaria（2014 Edition）,announced by the National Health and Family Planning Commission, China, the malaria elimination was assessed from threeaspects, safeguard measures, technical measures and control effects. Results Malaria was once the serious and harmfulendemic diseases in Wuhan. There were three pandemics since 1949. The incidence rate was 612.99/100 000 in the peak year1976. The malaria prevention and control in the city contained five stages： the investigation of epidemic situation, maintainprevention, epidemic control, surveillance and elimination. During the phase of malaria elimination（2010- 2015）, thegovernment carried out elimination and consolidation measures, established multisectoral joint prevention and controlmechanism, and ensured the sufficient funding. The medical institutions above township hospital level were required to set upmalaria prevention departments. Totally 231 125 people were performed the Plasmodium detection by microscopy. The annualdetection rate reached more than 3‰ of the population and the blood smear retest rate was 5.28% at the district level. Theannual incidence rate reported was below 0.8/100 000. The last indigenous malaria case reported in 2010 and 302 importedcases from 2010 to 2015 were all controlled effectively in time. However, there was still low-density Anopheles sinensis, thelocal vector of malaria transmission, found at farmers＇ homes and barns in suburb by the insect-borne monitoring. Conclusion There has not been any local infection in Wuhan for five consecutive years, and the city has achieved the goa

关 键 词：疟疾 消除 总结 评价 

分 类 号：R531.3[医药卫生—内科学]