湖北省宜昌市疟疾流行与防治历程及消除工作措施和评估  

Summary and evaluation on epidemiological situation, preventive and control procedure and elimination of malaria in Yichang City,Hubei

作　　者：余凤苹[1] 潘会明[1] 魏婷[1] 吴谨呈[1] 

机构地区：[1]宜昌市疾病预防控制中心,湖北宜昌443005

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2016年第6期528-532,共5页China Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析宜昌市疟疾流行规律与防治历程,总结评估消除疟疾策略及措施,为其他地区实施消除疟疾行动及开展评估工作提供参考和依据。方法对1951—2015年疟疾疫情及防治数据、报表及文件、防治策略与措施等资料进行描述性分析和总结,根据国家《消除疟疾考核评估方案》,从保障措施、技术措施、防控效果3个方面对消除疟疾工作进行评估。结果 1951—2015年全市共报告疟疾436 934例,死亡358例,发病率在2 549.22/10万（1954年）-0.18/10万,历经控制流行、消除疟疾前、消除疟疾3个防治阶段。消除疟疾阶段（2010—2015年）全市112个疟疾镜检站疟原虫血检107 523人,年度血检数均达到总人口1‰以上,发现疟疾90例（其中1例为2000年最后1例本地感染临床病例）均在24 h内报告,年报告发病率均控制在1/10万以下,均在3 d内进行流调,及时规范抗疟治愈出院,发生在传播季节的59例7 d内疫点有效处置率100%,疟史休治58人次及扩大化疗重点人群161人次。监测发现本地主要传疟媒介中华按蚊,未发现嗜人按蚊。所辖13个县市区及市级均通过消除疟疾达标考核及评估。结论宜昌市经过多年疟疾防治,连续保持5年无本地疟疾病例,达到消除疟疾标准,巩固工作重点是加强输入性病例监测及防控。Objective To investigate the features of malaria epidemiological situation and preventive and controlprocedure, and summarize and assess malaria elimination in Yichang City, Hubei Province, so as to provide the reference forthe similar program in other regions. Methods The data of malaria control, reports, documents, work plans, strategies andmeasures were collected and descriptively analyzed in Yichang City from 1951 to 2015. According to ＂The Program ofElimination of Malaria＂, announced by the National Health and Family Planning Commission, China, malaria elimination wasassessed from three aspects： safeguard measures, technical measures and control effects. Results A total of 436 934 cases ofmalaria were reported in the city from 1951 to 2015, with 358 cases of death. The annual incidence rate was between 2 549.22/100 000（in 1954） and 0.18/100 000. The malaria prevention and control contained three stages： epidemic control, pre-elimination and elimination. During the phase of malaria elimination（2010-2015）, the Plasmodium blood tests of 107 523 people were performed, the number of annual blood tests reached more than 1‰ of population, and 90 malaria patients werefound（including one final local infected case in 2000 and others were imported）. All the malaria patients were reported within24 h, the annual incidence rates was below 1/100 000, and all the epidemiological surveys were performed within 3 d. Thetreatment of malaria patients was standard and in time. The effective disposal rate of epidemic focuses within 7 days was 100%in 59 patients during the transmission seasons. The persons（58 person-times） with malaria history received the anti-malariachemotherapy during the un-endemic seasons, and the expanded chemotherapy was performed in 161 person-times in the highrisk population. The major malaria vector was Anopheles sinensis, and no An. anthropophagus was detected by the insect-borne monitoring. All the 13 counties of the city passed the malaria elimination assessment. Conclusion Yi

关 键 词：消除疟疾 总结 评估 

分 类 号：R531.3[医药卫生—内科学]