天然高分子复合羟基磷灰石材料的制备与应用  

Preparation and Application of Natural Polymer/Hydroxyapatite Composite

作　　者：王荣民[1] 孙康祺 王建凤[1] 何玉凤[1] 宋鹏飞[1] 熊玉兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学化学化工学院生态环境相关高分子材料教育部重点实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《化学进展》2016年第6期885-895,共11页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.21263024;21364012)资助~~

摘　　要：羟基磷灰石(HA)是人类与动物骨骼中主要无机物组成成分,因其具有良好的生物相容性、生物活性和骨传导作用,作为新型合成生物材料已应用于骨组织的修复与替代技术。本文在介绍HA主要制备方法(如:沉淀法、乳液法、水热反应法、溶胶-凝胶法、机械化学法、固态合成法、水解法、超声化学法、热解法、模板法和电沉积法等)和应用的基础上,重点综述了各类天然高分子与HA复合材料的制备及应用研究进展。天然高分子,如:纤维素、淀粉、甲壳素、壳聚糖、蛋白(包括胶原蛋白、明胶、角蛋白、丝蛋白和植物蛋白)等,与HA复合后制备的天然高分子复合羟基磷灰石材料,在保持其生物相容性的同时,又能改善复合材料的机械性能与生物活性,使其可用于医用材料、载体材料和吸附分离材料。最后,本文指出为了满足生物体内的特殊环境(如强的韧性、与骨生长速度匹配性能等)及不同领域的要求,天然高分子复合HA材料需要发展的方向。Hydroxyapatite（ HA） is a kind of main minerals in vertebrate bones including human and animals.The synthesized HA possess good biocompatibility,bioactivity and bone conductivity. Acting as novel biological material,HA has been successfully used for repairing and replacing bone tissue. In this review,based on introducing preparation and applications of hydroxyapatite and its composite,the progress of HA composite materials with various natural polymers has been summarized. The main synthesis methods of HA are precipitation, emulsion, hydrothermal method, sol-gel method, mechanical chemical method, hydrolysis,pyrolysis,sonochemistry,template method,and electrodeposition method. Here,the natural polymer includes polysaccharide and protein,which polysaccharide includes cellulose,starch,chitin,chitosan and heparin,and protein includes collagen,gelatin,keratin,fibroin and plant protein. After being combined with hydroxyapatite,their mechanical properties and bioactive properties of the natural polymer composite material are improved with keeping their biocompatibility. Therefore,the natural polymer/HA composite materials have been applied as biological medicine,carriers,absorption and separation. The development trend is also suggested in the end of paper. In order to match special environment of biological body,such as strong resilience or bone growth speedmatching performance,the new kind of natural polymer/HA composite materials will be investigated.

关 键 词：羟基磷灰石 天然高分子 复合材料 多糖 蛋白质 载体材料 

分 类 号：O636[理学—高分子化学]