枇杷属植物种间及近缘属杂交亲和性研究  

Study on Interspecific and Intergeneric Hybridization Compatibility of Eriobotrya and Related Genera

作　　者：李桂芬[1,2] 杨向晖[1] 乔燕春[1] 高用顺 蒋园园[1] 林顺权[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学园艺学院,广州510642 [2]广西农业科学院园艺研究所,南宁530007

出　　处：《园艺学报》2016年第6期1069-1078,共10页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：广东省科技基础条件建设领域项目(2015A030303015);广州市科技创新委资助项目(201504010028)

摘　　要：采用去雄、套袋、人工授粉方法对7种枇杷属植物及2种枇杷近缘属植物共14份材料配置的91个种间、21个属间共112个杂交组合进行研究,结果发现：91个种间杂交组合中有28个坐果率为零,即杂交不亲和,约占30%;杂交组合大多为部分亲和,仅少数为完全亲和。枇杷属与其近缘属植物（石斑木、石楠）的正交基本不亲和,反交有5个组合能结果,但杂种胚中途败育,需要进行胚挽救。不同的种类作为父本或母本时,坐果率相差较大,以大渡河枇杷,栎叶枇杷、野生普通枇杷和‘解放钟’作母本,平均坐果率高达36.2%～58.2%;而以台湾枇杷及其两个变型和椭圆枇杷作母本,平均坐果率仅为2.9%～16.3%,作父本时,平均坐果率较高,达22.4%～43.1%。花粉管生长的荧光观察显示,台湾枇杷恒春变型作母本与栎叶枇杷杂交为孢子体不亲和。The cross-compatibility experiments of 91 inter-specific combinations and 21 inter-generic combinations were carried out among 7 Eriobotrya plants and 2 related genera（Raphiolepis indica Lindl. and Photinia serrulata Lindl.）by emasculation,bagging,and artificial pollination. The results showed 28 in 91 inter-specific combinations set no fruit,which means nearly 30% was incompatible. In the rest combinations,most of them were partial cross-compatibility,a few of them were complete crosscompatibility. The cross between Eriobotrya and its related genera plants（R. indica Lindl. and P. serrulata Lindl.）were incompatibility. The back cross of them have 5 compatible combinations could set fruits,which incompatibility developed. The F_1 plants could obtain only after embryo rescue. Various species as male or female got difference fruit setting ratio,E. prinoides Rehd. Wils.,common loquat（E. japonica）and Eriobotrya × daduheensis H. Z. Zhang ex W. B. Liao,Q. Fan et al. as female plant got 36.2%–58.2% average fruit-setting ratio;while E. deflexa Nakai and its two forms,and E. elliptica Lindl. as female plant just got 2.9%–16.3% average fruit-setting ratio,but got as high as 22.4%–43.1% average fruit-setting ratio when they used as male plant. Fluorescent observation of pollen tube growth showed that no fruit-setting from E. deflexa f. koshunensis Nakai × E. prinoides Rehd. Wils. might be derived from the sporophyte incompatibility.

关 键 词：枇杷 远缘杂交 亲和性 孢子体不亲和 

分 类 号：S667.3[农业科学—果树学]