植物多样性对人工湿地微宇宙甲烷排放的影响  

Effects of plant diversity on methane emission in microcosms of constructed wetlands

作　　者：赵争艳[1] 钟雨辰 韩文娟[1] 唐宇力[2] 范丽琨[2] 范星[1] 常杰[1] 葛滢[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生命科学学院,杭州310058 [2]杭州市园林文物局钱江管理处,杭州310008

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2016年第7期1783-1790,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31270377和31170305)资助

摘　　要：为了研究人工湿地处理污水过程中减少甲烷（CH4）排放的可能性,本研究利用细砂基质微宇宙系统控制实验,分析了植物物种丰富度和物种特性对系统甲烷排放、氮去除及相关功能的影响。实验选择喜湿植物羊蹄（Rumex japonicus）、水芹（Oenanthe javanica）和虉草（Phalaris arundinacea）3个种,设置每个种的单种及3个种混种处理,以细砂（粒径为0.25-1 mm）作为栽培基质,供给模拟污水。结果表明：物种丰富度增加了CH4排放（P〈0.05）,但没有超排放效应;物种丰富度对氮去除无显著影响（P〉0.05）;物种特性是CH4排放和氮去除的主要驱动者,其作用超过了物种丰富度;虉草单种系统的CH4排放量最低,且氮去除能力最高（P〈0.05）。本实验表明,选择合适的单种（虉草）系统比提高物种丰富度更利于CH4减排和执行人工湿地氮去除功能。结果可为人工湿地物种选择及多样性配置提供参考。In order to study the mitigation possibility of methane （CH4） emission in constructed wetlands for waste water treatment, a controlled microcosm experiment was conducted. The effects of plant species richness and identity on CH4 emission, nitrogen removal and related parameters were analyzed. Three hygrophilous plants （Rumex japonicus, Oenanthe javanica and Phalaris arundinacea） were applied to establish the monocultures of three individual species and a 3species mixture. The microcosms were filled with fine sand （particle diameter 0.25-1 mm） and supplied with simulated wastewater. The results showed that plant species richness increased CH4 emission （P〈0.05）, but had no excessive emission effect （P〉0.05）. Species richness had no significant effect on nitrogen removal （P〉0.05）. Plant species identity surpassed species richness as a key driver of CH4 emission and nitrogen removal. Microcosms with P. arundinacea monoculture had the lowest CH4 emission and the highest nitrogen removal （P〈0.05）. These results suggested that assembling P. arundinacea monoculture is more conducive to reduce CH4 emission and enhance nitrogen removal in constructed wetland simultaneously than improving species richness. This study can provide a reference for plant species selection and plant diversity assemblage in constructed wetlands.

关 键 词：物种丰富度 物种特性 植物生物量 氮去除 细砂基质 取样效应 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]