乳业有机废弃物处理与其可持续能源利用（英文）  

Dairy Organic Waste Teatment and Its Sustainble Bioenergy Reuse

作　　者：费弗.朱力安 孙杨[2] 西瓦.K.M 王黎[3] 

机构地区：[1]澳大利亚伍龙贡大学土木矿业环境学院可持续生态资源研究中心 [2]武汉科技大学,湖北武汉430081 [3]沈阳化工大学环境与安全工程学院,辽宁沈阳110142

出　　处：《沈阳化工大学学报》2016年第2期184-192,共9页Journal of Shenyang University of Chemical Technology

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51574185);BHSTF(2015ACA064)

摘　　要：有机废弃物,如乳业废弃物,是一种高含水有机废弃物.含有高浓度的有机物和营养物质.因此,其处理不充分将导致严重的水污染.最近乳业废弃物处理已经取得了重大进展,可以将该废弃物通过厌氧消化制取沼气.该处理方法既可以减少水污染,还可生产生物质能源.本文研究了厌氧消化和沼气回收技术,应用于乳业废弃物的处理,使其能源化利用.文中分析了两种类型乳业废弃物的特点,通过试验评估了沼气生物质能的产生潜力,并对不同类型的沼气池配置与使用情况进行了比较.结果表明:厌氧消化产沼气是其处理的有效方法.案例1每天可以产生21.5 m^3甲烷,相当于产生53 k Wh/d的能量,而案例2每天仅产生8.6m^3甲烷,相当于产生26 k Wh/d的能量.研究还表明,常规消化生物质燃气产生量较低,仅为4.7~11.2 m^3/d,而利用厌氧过滤技术生物质燃气产生量为1.7~4.3 m^3/d.基于该转化率,有机废弃物有效消化转化为沼气,其回收沼气可为乳业生产提供足够的能源,实现有机废弃物的可持续利用.Organic waste such as dairy shed waste is a high-strength wastewater that contains particularly concentrated levels of organic matter and nutrients. As a result,inadequate waste disposal techniques have led to significant pollution problems of waterways. In recent times however,significant progress has been made with the dairy shed waste issue,shifting it from a problem of disposal to the valuable resource through techniques of anaerobic digestion and biogas recovery,the pollution potential of dairy waste can successfully be further reduced via useable alternative energy resource. A survey of the various techniques and technologies used in anaerobic digestion and biogas recovery with respect to dairy shed waste handling practices revealed that there are a number of techniques that could be successfully applied to dairy shed waste management. To accompany the dairy shed waste,the two types of farm waste were characterised and assessed in terms of its methane and energy generating potential for different types of digester configurations using an established predictive equation. It was found that anaerobic lagoons,theoretically,are likely to be the most effective method of generating and capturing biogas on the dairy farms,potentially producing up to 8. 6 m^3/ d of methane or 26 kW h / d of useable energy on one farm and 21. 5 m^3/ d of methane（ 53 kW h / d） on the other. Conventional digestion techniques would produce smaller but useable quantities of gas（ 4. 7 ～ 11. 2 m^3/ d）. Anaerobic filters were predicted to produce much lower total gas yield（ 1. 7 ～ 4. 3 m^3/ d）,however,the figures were based on conservative assumptions regarding conversion rates. The biogas recovered from an effective digester could provide sufficient energy to power several items of machinery in the milking shed such as pumps and milking machines.

关 键 词：有机废弃物 厌氧消化 沼气回收 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]