高大空间火灾自然排烟与机械防排烟匹配性研究  

Study on the match of natural and mechanical smoke exhausting in large and high space buildings

作　　者：王昶舜 童艳[1] 郑浩[1] 林凯[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学城市建设学院,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2016年第5期609-614,共6页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：中国博士后基金项目(2015M581783);江苏省普通高校研究生实践创新计划项目(SJLX15_0338)

摘　　要：针对具有顶部自然排烟口的高大空间建筑火灾,在1/10的缩尺模型试验数据与全尺寸FDS模拟计算结果相吻合的基础上,提出用送风气幕代替多风口送风,研究顶部自然排烟口开口率、风机风速以及火源功率对自然排烟、机械排烟和机械送风三种防排烟模式的影响。对比这三种模式下测点的最高温度,并采用排烟质流量率对排烟口排烟效率进行评价。研究结果表明:各模式下达到最佳排烟效果时各参数设置明显不同。在机械排烟模式下,火源功率为4.5 MW、开口率为0.3%、风速为-3 m/s时排烟效果最佳;在机械送风模式下,火源功率为4.5 MW、开口率为0.3%、风速为6m/s时排烟效果最佳。Taking example of the large and high space buildings with top opening for natural smoke exhausting in fire,FDS was used to simulate the fire and the simulation results were compared with the results of experiments. On the basis of the accordance between FDS simulation results and 1/10 model experimental data, the idea of substituting air curtain for multi group air inlets was proposed. The effect of opening rate,the speed of fan and fire power on natural smoke exhausting, mechanical smoke exhausting and mechanical air supplying were studied. The highest temperatures of test points in three modes were compared and the parameter of smoke exhausting rate was used to evaluate the efficacy of the smoke exhausting. Results showed that the optimal parameter settings were significantly different for each model. Under the mode of mechanical smoke exhausting,the effect of smoke exhausting was best when fire power was 4.5 MW,opening rate reached 0.3% and the speed of fan reached --3 m/s. Under the mode of air supply, the effect of smoke exhausting was best when fire power was 4.5 MW,opening rate reached 0. 3% and the speed of fan reached 6 m/s.

关 键 词：高大空间 火灾 模型试验 开口率 排烟效果 质量流率 自然排烟 机械排烟 机械送风 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU834[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]