宁夏中部干旱带主要粮食作物生产水足迹分析  

The water footprint analysis of major grain production in the central arid zone of Ningxia

作　　者：李亚婷[1] 朱荣[1] 虎芳芳 许强[1] 吴宏亮[1] 康建宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《农业科学研究》2016年第2期20-24,共5页Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区科技支撑计划项目(2014CDN0103)

摘　　要：文章基于水足迹的概念和计算方法,结合联合国粮农组织推荐CROPWAT8.0软件,以红寺堡区、海原县、同心县、盐池县为宁夏中部干旱带典型代表,对宁夏中部干旱带2013年农作物生产用水状况进行分析.结果表明:宁夏中部干旱带马铃薯的生产水足迹最大为8.59×108 m3,其次为玉米8.03×108 m3,最小为春小麦3.84×108 m3.粮食作物生产水足迹中马铃薯的蓝水足迹最大,是春小麦蓝水足迹的2.5倍,但是马铃薯和春小麦单位质量耗水量上差异不大,这主要是跟作物的播种面积和产量有关.水足迹跟作物的播种面积呈正相关,单位质量水足迹跟产量呈负相关.各作物灰水足迹占总水足迹的33%以上,较高的灰水产生量对当地地下水水质是个严重的威胁,在生产中不容忽视.因此,对水资源短缺的宁夏中部干旱带来说,调整农作物种植模式,减少高耗水作物种植面积,提高氮肥利用率,可以有效地减少研究区农业用水量.In this paper, based on the concept of water footprint and calculation method, combined with the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization recommended CROPWAT software, Hongsibao District, Haiyuan County, Tongxin County, Yanchi County as a typical representative of the Middle Arid Zone of Ningxia and analysis of water use in crop production in the arid zone of central Ningxia in2013. The results show that the potato production water footprint is the largest, 8.59×108m3, followed by corn 8.03×108m3,minimum for spring wheat3.84×108m3.Potato crop production water footprint in blue water footprint is the largest, is 2.5 times of the spring wheat blue water footprint, but there was little difference in the amount of water consumption per unit of potato and spring wheat, which was mainly related to the sown area and yield of crops. The water footprint was positively correlated with the sown area of crops, and the water footprint per unit mass was negatively correlated with the yield. The crop grey water footprint accounted for more than 33% of total water footprint,higher dust and water generated on the local groundwater quality is a serious threat, should not be neglected in the production. Therefore, in the arid and semi-arid area of northwest region, the shortage of water resources of Ningxia in central arid bring about, adjust crop cropping patterns, reduce the high water consumption of crop planting area, increase the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, can effectively reduce the amount of water used for agriculture.

关 键 词：水足迹 粮食作物 CROPWAT8.0 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]