中国水资源短缺的空间格局及缺水类型  

Spatial Pattern of Scarcity of Water and It's Shortage Types in China

作　　者：童绍玉[1,2] 周振宇 彭海英[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南财经大学国土资源与持续发展研究所,云南昆明650221 [2]楚雄师范学院地理科学与旅游管理系,云南楚雄675000 [3]河南信息统计职业学院旅游系,河南郑州450008

出　　处：《生态经济》2016年第7期168-173,共6页Ecological Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40761009);云南省中青年学术与技术带头人后备人才培养项目(2008py004)

摘　　要：水资源短缺已经成为制约中国社会经济发展的重要因素之一,水资源的短缺不仅受水资源量的影响,管理水平及社会适应能力对水资源短缺的影响也越来越大,综合评判水资源的短缺程度及其成因成为应对水资源短缺的基础。运用层次分析法从水资源的资源量、供水能力、利用效率和社会适应能力四个方面构建综合评价水资源短缺的指标体系,并据此评价各省份水资源的短缺程度及其原因。研究表明:从东南沿海各省向北向西,水资源缺水程度增加,北方13省份为水资源紧缺区,西南水资源量丰富的云南、贵州也是水资源紧缺区;较高的供水能力、水资源利用效率和社会适应能力缓解了水资源匮乏地区的缺水程度,反之亦然。水资源短缺的类型可归为资源性缺水、工程性缺水、管理性缺水和适应性缺水。水资源短缺程度为极度紧缺和紧缺的15省份中,11省份有资源性缺水、9省份有适应性缺水、7省份有管理性缺水,6省份有工程性缺水原因,每个省份至少有一种缺水原因。Water resources shortage is one of the most important constraints for the development of society and economics in China. It was not only influenced by the endowment of water resources, but also influenced by the management skills and social adaptability. It was the very foundation to deal with water shortage for evaluating the extent of water deficiency and its causes synthetically. This study analyzed the level of scarcity of water and its causes for every province in China with the Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） which established evaluation index system with the water resource endowment, water supply capacity, efficiency of water utilization and social adaptive capacity. Results showed that the level of scarcity of water increased from the southeast coastal area to the north and west of China. The scarcity of water was seriously scarce and it is scarce for the 13 provinces on the north of China, even it was scarce in the southwest of China （Yunnan and Guizhou） where it was once famous for its rich in water resources. The degree of water shortage could be relieved by the higher supply capacity, utilization efficiency and social adaptive capacity, and vice versa. The causes of scarcity of water could be attributed to the resources shortage, shortage of water supply engineering, low level of management and low social adaptive capacity. Reasons of scarcity of water were very complicated in China. There were 11 provinces manifested as water scarcity caused by resources shortage, 9 provinces manifested as low social adaptive capacity, 7 low level of management and 6 provinces manifested as shortage of water supply engineering in the 15 provinces that were on the level of seriously scarcity and scarcity for water shortage in society, and there was one kind of causes at least for water shortage in each province.

关 键 词：水资源短缺综合指数 社会适应能力 空间格局 缺水类型 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]