γ-聚谷氨酸基因工程研究进展与展望  

Study Progress and Prospect on γ-poly Glutamic Acid Genetic Engineering

作　　者：吉美萍 庞艳波[1] 付丽丽[1] 那日[1] 郭九峰[1] 王志永[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学物理科学与技术学院内蒙古自治区离子束生物工程重点实验室,呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2016年第6期107-118,共12页China Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50267014)资助项目

摘　　要：γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)是一种天然高分子可降解、环境友好型的新型阴离子聚合物。目前发现多种芽孢杆菌、古细菌和一种真核生物均可合成γ-PGA。根据其合成是否需要外加谷氨酸分为谷氨酸依赖性和谷氨酸非依赖型。γ-PGA的合成基因分为结合型的cap系和游离型的pgs系,其表达产物组成的γ-PGA合成酶复合体调节着γ-PGA的合成和转运。由于γ-PGA具有水溶性好、保湿性好、吸水性好、良好的生物兼容性和生物可降解性、可食用、对环境无污染等优点,在医药、农业、食品、环境、化妆品等领域具有广泛的应用前景。主要对γ-PGA的结构特点、微生物合成、相关基因、合成机理、应用、诱变处理进行综述。以期通过物理和化学等技术的诱变,获得γ-PGA的高产菌株,为提高γ-PGA产量提供依据。γ-poly-glutamic acid（ γ-PGA） is a natural,biodegradable,new anionic polymer and synthesized by some bacillus and archaea and one eukaryote.They are divided into glutamate-dependent and non-dependent glutamate.The gene required for γ-PGA contain capsule and polyglutamate synthase.The synthesize organized by the responding expressed protein regulates the synthesis and transport of γ-PGA.γ-PGA is friendly to environment with characteristics of good water solubility,moisture resistance,water absorption,good biological compatibility and biodegradable,edible and environmental pollution,etc..Therefore,γ-PGA and its derivatives have been of interest in a broad range of application prospects such as medicine,agriculture,food,environment,cosmetics.The structural characteristics of γ-PGA,the microbial synthesis related genes,synthesis mechanism,application,mutagenic treatment were focused on.Using technology of physics and chemistry to mutagenize can achieve highyielding strains of γ-PGA,which provide the basis for improving production of γ-PGA.

关 键 词：Γ-PGA 基因 诱变 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]