不同时期三种敷料对监护室持续无创通气老年患者鼻面部压疮的预防效果观察  

Observation of the effects of three kinds of dressings at different periods for preventing nasal and facial pressure ulcers in elderly patients in the intensive care unit with continuous non -invasive ventilation

作　　者：胡才宝[1] 邵晓露[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江医院重症医学科,浙江省杭州310010

出　　处：《中国基层医药》2016年第13期1982-1986,共5页Chinese Journal of Primary Medicine and Pharmacy

基　　金：浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目（2013KYB004）

摘　　要：目的：比较不同时期（第一周、第二周）三种敷料（泡沫敷料、水胶体敷料、自制纱布敷料）对于监护室持续无创通气老年患者鼻面部压疮的预防效果。方法将浙江医院监护室120例长期持续无创通气（每天无创通气时间≥22 h，无创通气天数≥14 d）的老年患者（年龄＞60岁）按数字表法随机分为 A、B、C 组，每组40例，A 组患者使用泡沫敷料，B 组患者使用水胶体敷料，C 组患者使用自制纱布敷料，分别于第一周、第二周对比三组患者鼻面部压疮的发生率，观察三种敷料在不同时期对于鼻面部压疮的预防效果。结果持续无创通气第一周，三组患者分别发生鼻面部压疮1、2、4例，预防压疮的效果差异无统计学意义（χ2＝2.124， P ＝0．346）；持续无创通气的第二周，三组患者分别发生鼻面部压疮3、10、10例，A 组压疮发生率显著低于B 组和 C 组（χ2＝5．271，P ＝0．038）。结论若监护室老年患者持续无创通气≤7 d，应用泡沫敷料、水胶体敷料、自制纱布敷料均可有效预防面部压疮；若持续无创通气＞7 d，推荐应用泡沫敷料预防面部压疮。Objective To compare the effects of three kinds of dressings （foam dressings,hydrocolloid dressings,homemade gauze dressings）at different periods for preventing nasal and facial pressure ulcers in elderly patients in the intensive care unit with continuous non -invasive ventilation.Methods The study group consisted of 120 patients who were 60 years old in the intensive care unit with continuous non -invasive ventilation.They were randomly divided into A,B,C three groups with random number table.The patients in A group used foam dressings. The patients in B group used hydrocolloid dressings.The patients in C group used homemade gauze dressings.In the first week and the second week,through comparing the incidence of pressure ulcers,we compared the prevention effect of three kinds of dressings on nasal and facial pressure ulcers.Results In the first week,there was no statistical difference about the incidence of pressure ulcers among the three groups（χ2 =2.124,P =0.346）.In the second week,the incidence of pressure ulcer of A group was obviously lower than B group and C group（χ2 =5.271,P =0.038）.Conclusion When we nurse elderly patients in the intensive care unit with continuous non -invasive ventilation,within 7 days,we can use any one of three kinds of dressings to prevent nasal and facial pressure ulcers. But 7 days later,we should better use foam dressings.

关 键 词：泡沫敷料 水胶体敷料 自制纱布敷料 持续无创通气 鼻面部压疮 

分 类 号：R622[医药卫生—整形外科]