1985-2015年美国Tampa Bay流域景观生态风险态势研判  

Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment in Tampa Bay Watershed of America During 1985-2015

作　　者：刘永超[1] 李加林[1,2] 史小丽[3] 袁麒翔[1,4] 浦瑞良[5] 杨磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学地理与空间信息技术系,浙江宁波315211 [2]浙江省海洋文化与经济研究中心,浙江宁波315211 [3]宁波大学学报编辑部,浙江宁波315211 [4]象山县海洋与渔业局海洋资源管理中心,浙江象山315700 [5]南佛罗里达大学地理系,美国佛罗里达坦帕33620

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2016年第3期125-130,135,F0002,共8页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"人工地貌建设对港湾海岸地貌景观演化的影响比较研究:以中国浙江象山港与美国佛罗里达坦帕湾为例"(41471004);"围垦影响下的象山港潮汐汊道潮盆系统沉积动力学研究"(41171073);浙江省自然科学基金项目"围垦影响下的象山港潮汐汊道潮滩过程研究"(Y5110321);浙江省大学生科技创新活动计划暨新苗人才计划项目(2016R405073);宁波大学研究生科研创新基金项目(G16082)

摘　　要：[目的]探究坦帕湾流域景观生态风险的时空变化态势,为中国港湾流域开发利用与保护规划提供科学借鉴。[方法]以1985,1995,2005及2015年4个时期的TM/OLI遥感影像为主要数据源,结合土地利用数据,构建景观生态风险格局演变模型,对美国坦帕湾流域景观格局及生态风险的时空特征进行了分析。[结果](1)研究期间,坦帕湾流域人工景观面积明显大于自然景观面积。(2)1985年,坦帕湾流域景观低、较低等级生态风险区占流域总面积的24.16%和20.30%。1995年以后,低、较低等级生态风险区面积均有减少,中等生态风险区面积显著增加。至2015年,高、较高等级生态风险区面积与前20a相比仍在增加。(3)30a来坦帕湾流域内的生态风险等级由低向高转变的总面积为3 210.84km2,约占全流域总面积的48.65%,较高、高生态风险等级沿港湾海域一侧区域继续扩张,大陆一侧东北部逐渐零星出现。[结论]受人类活动的影响,近30a来坦帕湾流域景观及生态风险格局时空变化显著,但后10a生态风险等级上升速率明显低于前20a,说明人类在开发利用港湾资源的同时,也逐渐注重港湾流域生态环境的保护与管理。[Objective]We study the landscape ecological risk in Tampa Bay watershed of America at temporal and spatial scale in order to provide scientific reference for exploitation,utilization and protection of Chinese harbor basin.[Methods]The TM/OLI remote sensing data in Tampa Bay watershed in 1985,1995,2005 and 2015and the land use data were collected as the main data source,the landscape ecological risk evolution model was constructed,and the temporal and spatial characteristics of landscape pattern and ecological risk in Tampa Bay watershed was analyzed.[Results]（1）The area of artificial landscape was significantly larger than the area of natural landscape.（2）In 1985,the low and relative low ecological risk area accounted for24.16% and 20.30%,respectively,in the Tampa Bay watershed.After 1995,the low and relative low ecological risk area was decreased,while the moderate ecological risk area was increased significantly.High and relative high ecological risk area was keep increasing until 2015.（3）During the last 30 years,about 3 210.84km2 of low ecological risk area was converted to high risk area,which accounted for 48.65% of the total area in the whole basin.The high ecological risk area expanded along the harbor side,and sporadic distributed in the mainland side of the Northeast area.[Conclusion]Impacted by human activities,the changes of landscape pattern and ecological risk in the Tampa Bay basin watershed was great during the past 30 years.The increasing rate of ecological risk level within the later 10 years was significantly lower than that at the initial 20 years.More attention has been paid on the protection and management of the ecological environment with the development and utilization of resources in the harbor.

关 键 词：景观格局 生态风险 空间分析 Tampa Bay流域 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学] X826[生物学—普通生物学]