1985-2014年新疆玛纳斯灌区土壤盐渍化时空变化及成因  

Causes and Spatial-temporal Changes of Soil Salinization in Manasi Irrigation Region of Xinjiang Region During 1985-2014

作　　者：李夏[1,2] 乔木[1] 周生斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2016年第3期152-158,F0003,共8页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区水利科技专项"玛纳斯绿洲棉花磁化水滴灌丰产技术应用示范"(Y542061001)

摘　　要：[目的]分析玛纳斯灌区进行盐碱地空间分布格局,清楚认识当地盐碱地类型和时空变化规律,找出因地制宜的盐碱地改良措施。[方法]以1985年玛纳斯灌区土壤普查数据,1998年Landsat TM,2006和2014年CBERS(China-Brazil earth resource satellite)影像为数据源,运用RS和GIS技术提取研究区4个时期土壤盐渍化信息,利用土地转移矩阵和盐渍化动态度模型分析30a来玛纳斯灌区土壤盐渍化时空动态变化,并探讨灌区盐渍化的驱动因素。[结果](1)1985—2014年,盐渍化土地总面积增加,从1985年的4.27×104 hm^2增加到2014年的7.90×10~4 hm^2。(2)灌区土壤盐渍化主要分布在灌区内部,呈块状分布。[结论]自然因素是土壤盐渍化形成与变化的内因,人为影响则是促进土壤盐渍化尤其是绿洲次生盐渍化发展的驱动因素之一。[Objective]To investigate the spatial distribution of saline alkali land in Manasi irrigation area,in order to understand the type and the spatial and temporal changes of local saline alkali land,and find out appropriate improvement measures.[Methods]Based on the soil data in 1985,Landsat TM images in 1998 and CBERS（China-Brazil earth resource satellite）images in 2006 and 2014,the RS and GIS technology was used to extract the information of soil salinization during four periods.The land transfer matrix was used to analyze the spatial-temporal changes of salt-affected land in Manasi irrigation region during the past 30 years.[Results]（1）The area of soil salinization land in Manasi irrigation region had increased from 4.27×10^4 to7.90×10^4 hm^2 during the past 30 years.（2）Soil salinization was mainly distributed in the inner area of Manasi irrigation region,represented as a block pattern.[Conclusion]Nature factors are the internal causes of the formation and change of the soil salinization,and anthropogenic influence is one of the driving factors that promoting the development of soil salinization,especially for the secondary salinization of oasis.

关 键 词：玛纳斯灌区 时空变化 土壤盐渍化 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]