若尔盖高寒湿地蓄水能力评估  

Assessment of Water Storage Capacity in Zoige Alpine Wetland

作　　者：唐素贤[1] 马坤[1] 张英虎[1] 刘俊国[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学自然保护区学院,北京100083

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2016年第3期219-223,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家基金委重大研究计划"黑河流域水-生态-经济系统的集成模拟与预测"集成项目(91425303);"黑河流域水资源综合管理决策支持系统集成研究"(91325302);科技部国家国际科技合作专项项目(2012FA91530)

摘　　要：[目的]评估若尔盖3种不同类型湿地的土壤蓄水能力,为湿地生态系统水文功能价值的评估提供科学依据。[方法]通过对若尔盖高寒湿地三种湿地类型的土壤采样分析,测量其土壤物理特性和土壤最大滞留贮水能力,进而对其土壤蓄水能力进行评估。[结果](1)在0—60cm深度范围内,3种湿地类型的土壤容重基本上随着深度的加深呈升高趋势,但草本沼泽在80—100cm处、沼泽化草甸和洪泛湿地在60—80cm处呈现出减小趋势。(2)在0—100cm深度范围内,沼泽化草甸的毛管孔隙度随深度增加呈减小趋势,而草本沼泽和洪泛湿地变化不明显。(3)在0—100cm深度范围内,3种湿地类型土壤容重的平均值大小表现为草本沼泽(0.46g/cm^3)<沼泽化草甸(1.08g/cm^3)<洪泛湿地(1.25g/cm^3)。3种湿地类型土壤最大滞留贮水能力的平均值大小表现为草本沼泽(239.40t/hm^2)>沼泽化草甸(171.18t/hm^2)>洪泛湿地(148.51t/hm^2)。[结论]草本沼泽贮水能力最强。因此在若尔盖区域实施湿地保护与恢复措施时,应将保护区外的草本沼泽分布的区域纳入重点计划。[Objective]Assessing water storage capacity of three types of wetland in Zoige wetland in order to provide the scientific basis for the assessment of the hydrological function value of wetland ecosystem.[Methods]We measured the physical properties and maximum retention capacity,and evaluated soil water storage capacity of three types of the Zoige alpine wetland.[Results]（1）Within a depth of 0-60 cm,the soil bulk density of three types of wetland increased with soil depth increase,but at the depth of 80-100 cm in marshes,60-80 cm in swamp meadow and floodplain wetland the soil bulk density decreased;（2）Within the range of 0-100 cm,the soil capillary porosity of marsh meadow shows a decreasing trend with depth,but no apparent trend in the other two wetland types;（3）Within the range of 0-100 cm,the mean value of soil bulk density in three types of wetland showed an order as marshes（0.46g/cm^3）swamp meadow（1.08g/cm^3）floodplain wetland（1.25g/cm^3）;The average of the maximum soil water storage capacity was as marshes（239.40t/hm^2）swamp meadow（171.18t/hm^2）floodplain wetlands（148.51t/hm^2）.[Conclusion]The water storage capacity of the marsh is the best.So when implementing wetland conservation and restoration in Zoige region,the marsh outside the reserve should also be included in the planning.

关 键 词：湿地退化 物理特性 垂直分布 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]